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The chapter is devoted to the factors aimed at optimizing the partnership of public and private sectors in the sphere of public infrastructure development. In modern conditions of economic slowdown and budget consolidation in Russia, the infrastructure has become the most important driver of economic growth and public–private partnership (PPP) – the most perspective form of cooperation of public and private investors of infrastructure projects. PPP interpretation as a structural relationship of economic system allows the authors to model optimal combination of formal and informal institutions in order to stimulate long-term economic growth. It becomes promising to model replacement of budget funds by private investment to ensure positive impact on the Russian development despite the budget consolidation. It could only be achieved in the case of formal institutionalization of appropriate conditions for private investors as to low transactional costs and attractive financial parameters. There have been determined some PPP standards connected with public infrastructure projects in order to reduce capital expenditures of the budget funds and increase the inflow of private investment. The authors have managed to obtain model estimates and graphic interpretation of government expenditures’ efficiency increase that could help to structure the fiscal conditions to induce positive multiplier effect as a result of PPP forms improvement in the public infrastructure development.

This chapter considers anti-Russia sanctions and their role in the country’s sustainable development. The authors consider sanctions against Russia in the general context of restrictive measures as an instrument of international economic activity. The nature of the anti-Russia sanctions is analyzed in the chapter. A chronology of the introduction of restrictive measures against Russia is discussed. The authors consistently examine the negative consequences and positive aspects of the anti-Russia sanctions in the general political and economic context. Due to duplicitous implications of the sanctions, attention is paid to the import phaseout policy, which has been proclaimed and implemented by Russia. In addition, reciprocal restrictive measures (counter-sanctions), which are introduced by Russia in response to the actions against the country, have been considered in the chapter. Regarding the Russian economy as an inherent part of the world economy, the authors present their conclusions on how reciprocal restrictive measures cause damage to the interests of all parties involved in the process.