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From a knowledge-management perspective, this paper aims to analyze the digital transformation of the business models of traditional Chinese sporting goods companies in the context of the pandemic crisis and to explore the role of their digital transformation in coping with the crisis.

Using theoretical sampling, typical sporting goods companies are selected for case studies. We provide an in-depth analysis of how these companies achieve high performance levels through the digital transformation of their business models in the post-COVID-19 era and discuss the key role of knowledge management in this achievement.

Focusing on the challenges faced by Chinese sporting goods enterprises during the pandemic crisis from the knowledge-management perspective, we find that through the digital transformation of their business models, enterprises can improve their knowledge-management capabilities, enhance their flexibility to respond to sudden crises and maintain a higher level of corporate performance.

This paper has significant implications for sporting goods companies wishing to achieve high corporate performance through the digital transformation of their business models in the post-COVID-19 era. Future research should address the dynamic mechanism of the digital transformation of business models to improve enterprise knowledge-management capabilities and the impact mechanism of knowledge-management capabilities on interenterprise organizational resilience.

This paper proposes specific strategies in the process of the digital transformation of business models that are essential for improving enterprises’ internal and external knowledge-management capabilities.

This paper aims to explore the research and development (R&D) structure and the effect which R&D may have on economic growth in Hebei Province, PRC. Through the comparison of R&D efficiency in Hebei and that of seven other regions (with top economic performance in China), it tries to find out the right ways of improving R&D performance, in order to increase its contribution to economic growth. It concludes with practical suggestions for future R&D management in Hebei, and it also offers a useful evaluation framework for other regions.

Based on the analysis of R&D census in 2000 in China and an investigation of 532 large and medium enterprises in Hebei Province, this paper presents a data envelopment analysis (DEA) framework to measure the effects of R&D on economic growth in China. Regional comparisons of R&D efficiencies are also carried out.

Applying the DEA model, this paper finds out the shortcomings of R&D structure in Hebei Province as well as problems in R&D efficiency compared to some other regions. The R&D scale of Hebei is still at the stage of increasing returns to scale, and its ratio of basic research: applied research: development should be adjusted to 2.9:10.4:86.7 instead of 5.7:2.6:67.6. Through the investigation of 532 large and medium enterprises between 1998 and 2000 in Hebei, it was also found that the indigenous innovation is currently the main pattern of Hebei's enterprises.

With the DEA model, this paper presents a useful evaluation model on R&D structure and contribution to economic growth in Hebei Province, PRC. A comparison of regional R&D efficiencies provides an important guideline for local governments with respect to future policy making. The framework used in Hebei Province in this paper offers a good reference for some other regions as well.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between transaction costs and the performance variance of peasant households and specialized cooperatives, as well as to explore whether or not this relationship varies across different regions in China.

Based on the transaction cost theory (TCT) and the contingency theory (CT), a survey was undertaken at county level to support the main effects and moderating effects and the results were analyzed using a general linear model. A complementary case study was also used to further discuss the results.

It was found that the change rate of peasant households’ scope of operation is sensitive to inadequate market information, purchase and sales expense and resolving disputes expense. In terms of specialized cooperatives, the change rate of their scale of operations is sensitive to inadequate market information, the chances of violating an agreement and incomplete norms. The moderating effect of regional classification is supported in terms of purchase and sales expenses on the performance variance of peasant households, and in terms of inadequate market information on the performance variance of specialized cooperatives.

First, the data were collected at the county level, which could only reflect the conditions of the macro-environment. Second, many variables were designed as dummies for the sake of brevity and efficiency, because the respondents were officers in local agricultural departments. Third, transaction costs may not have a direct effect on the variance of productivity but indirect through many potential mediators.

The results not only provide useful information for agricultural operators to analyze the transaction costs related to their forms of organization, but also impartial advice for policy makers to consider the form of agricultural operators in different regions.

This study focusses on the role of the external environment by integrating the TCT and CT theory. Furthermore, it seeks to explore whether the relationship between transaction costs and the performance variance of peasant households and specialized cooperatives varies across different regions of China.