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Decentralization of finance is usually regarded as a revolution in just the field of finance. However, thanks to chain structures (e.g. blockchain) ranging from supply chain management to enterprise resource management systems, decentralization gradually reforms all aspects of global business simultaneously. Cryptocurrency markets and decentralization of network structures may be considered as two independent chaotic processes by an uninformed observer; however, almost every step of this transformation process can be associated with a certain innovative motivation which was designed for a specific purpose.

In this chapter, the implications of financial decentralization movements have been discussed with the assumption that the cryptocurrency market movements and relevant infrastructure improvements may be regarded as the end result of a chain of events which may be influenced by a number of decision-makers. The system components affecting the adoption process have been divided into four categories. Three potential scenarios have been presented for each category with an emphasis on their potential effects on the global business environment. Using intuitive logic, a pathway has been speculated for the adoption process for each component of decentralized finance. Topics discussed in this context should be regarded as pure speculation and should not be perceived as investment advices in any shape or form.

The purpose of present study is to explore the linkages among Intellectual Capital (IC), Corporate Governance (CG) and Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) through direct and indirect empirical inquiry.

The main setting is designed for exploring the relationship among IC, CG and CSR. Therefore, these three constructs are examined directly in which their statistical relation is evaluated among themselves and indirectly in which their possible effects are examined onto firms’ unsystematic factors such as cash flow, short-term solvency, long-term solvency, profitability and asset utilization.

Empirical investigation is conducted on manufacturing firms listed in Istanbul Stock Exchange from 2007 to 2011. Empirical results do support a positive relationship among these important constructs.

The empirical research is carried out in manufacturing firms only.

IC, CG and CSR are three demanding research areas to study. This is the first attempt here to examine their possible linkages based on so-called direct and indirect empirical inquiries. The primary reason behind this attempt is that these concepts are assumed to be important for all stakeholders.

Today, with the introduction of concepts such as big data, social media, corporate social responsibility and e-commerce have become part of our lives, thus the transition to Marketing 4.0 is accelerating. One of the most vital activities that affect consumers’ purchasing decisions is e-commerce. E-commerce plays a decisive role in purchasing stages and processes. For this reason, e-commerce has become an issue that increases the importance of individuals in the purchasing process and decision every day and needs to be emphasized. In line with all this, the concepts of digital marketing and e-commerce will be handled in a broad framework in this study. Moreover, the digitalization of e-commerce sites will be held in the review of literature beside the environment and techniques that can be used within the scope of digital marketing. New approaches and trends that guide modern marketing are changing day by day. The main reason for this change is based on the rapid transformation in information and communication technologies. For this reason, it is important for marketing managers to adapt to these transformations and to use media and techniques in digital marketing.