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The purpose of this paper is to specify the conceptual foundations of educational cooperation of universities and companies of Industry 4.0 for maximizing its efficiency.

For determining the efficiency of educational cooperation of universities and companies of Industry 4.0 in modern Russia, the authors use the information and analytical materials on the results of monitoring of effectiveness of the activities of educational organizations of higher education in 2018. They use the indicators of the number of cooperation agreements and efficiency of cooperation – employment of graduates and the share of non-budget assets in revenues from the educational activities. These indicators are studied with the help of the method of regression analysis. The objects of the research are the flagship universities of the Central and the Southern Federal District of the Russian Federation.

Low efficiency of the educational cooperation of universities and companies of Industry 4.0 in modern Russia is observed. The authors show by the example of the flagship universities of the Central and Southern Federal Districts of the Russian Federation in 2018 that multiple agreements on their cooperation with the companies of regions in which they are located do not ensure high values of the indicators of employment of their graduates and the share of non-budget assets in revenues from the educational activities.

An algorithm of developing the educational cooperation of universities and companies of Industry 4.0 and a model of educational cooperation of universities and companies of Industry 4.0 are offered. The authors’ recommendations specify the conceptual foundations of the educational cooperation of universities and companies of Industry 4.0, as they orient the participants of this cooperation at achievement of specific formalized results and show the mechanism of achieving them.

The purpose of the chapter is to study the European experience of formation of information economy.

The methodology of this chapter is based on the method of statistical analysis, which is used for calculation of direct average of the values of the indicators of European countries for each indicator of information economy, scatter (variation), and deviation of the average value of European countries from the average value among the leading countries of the world (average global value). The objects of research of the European experience of information economy’s formation are the leading countries of Europe that have the largest potential and achieved the largest progress, setting the tone for other members of the European region. The leading countries are UK, Germany, and France. The data of 2017 are used.

The results substantiate that modern Europe achieved sufficient progress in information economy’s formation, and differentiation of the level of informatization of economic systems is expressed vividly, but only in certain aspects. In general, it is possible to determine common tendencies and peculiarities based on offered conceptual model of establishment and development of information economy in European countries. This new conceptual model takes into account and reflects the existing disproportions, of which the most vivid is overestimated massive technosphere, which is not implemented to the full potential due to social problems. Against its background, sociosphere and economic sphere that are standard for modern leading countries seem to diminish. At the same time, due to the strong role of the state in economy of European countries, high effectiveness of state regulation in the process of information economy’s formation is achieved if high share of high-tech export is expressed with smaller expenditures for innovations in the ICT spheres.

It is recommended to use the offered conceptual model to study the process of formation of information economy in European countries and comparing the effectiveness of this process in other regions of the world.

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to determine the basic principles of functioning and development of modern business systems.

Methodology: The author uses the method of logical analysis (analysis of causal connections), the method of systematization, and the method of formalization.

Conclusions: The basic principles of functioning of a modern business system are determined: uniqueness, marketing activity, effectiveness, openness, and flexibility. They form under the influence of such factors of the business environment as competition, marketing relations, deficit of resources, globalization, and innovational economy. Only under the condition of observation of all these principles, a business system can achieve and preserve competitiveness and function and development in the business environment. A system of basic principles of functioning and development of a modern business system, which form under the influence of the above factors of the business systems, and results of observation of these principles are shown.

Originality/value: Peculiarities of making of managerial decisions in modern business systems, predetermined by observation of the basic principles, are shown: constant monitoring of external environment for determining new possibilities and actual problems and determining the need for managerial decisions; founding on materials of marketing research, conduct of marketing communications for informing and supporting loyalty of interested parties in the process of implementation of decisions; and striving for increasing or at least preserving the uniqueness and effectiveness of business system during decision making (criterion of optimality of decisions).

Purpose: The purpose of the work is to study the approaches to classification of modern business systems from business managers through the prism of making of managerial decisions.

Methodology: The methods of classification, comparative and systemic analysis, induction, deduction, and formalization are used.

Conclusions: As a result of the research, five conceptual approaches to classification of modern business systems are distinguished: organization-oriented, externally-oriented, management-oriented, socially-oriented, and innovations-oriented. Within each of them, various (mutually supplementing) criteria of classification are used, which allow distinguishing a lot of types of modern business systems. In the conditions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, which includes transition to Industry 4.0, a new classification of modern business systems according to the criteria of their technological mode is offered, and the systems of the mode 3.0 and 4.0 are distinguished. Transition to the new technological mode is connected to additional business risks, which complicates the process of making of managerial decisions.

Originality/value: The performed analysis of classification of modern business systems from business managers showed that all peculiarities of these systems influence the process of making of managerial decisions in them, including the sectorial structure of business environment, size of business systems, sphere in which business systems function, involvement in business environment, internal and external integration of business systems, scale and complexity of business environment, organizational and legal form, business structure and business culture of business systems, types of benefits that they sell, level of legitimacy, responsibility, innovational activity, and technological mode of business systems.

Purpose: The purpose of the chapter is to study the process of evolution of modern business systems, to distinguish its main stages, and to determine the peculiarities of the modern stage of this process. For compiling a fuller dynamic model of evolution of modern business systems, this research is performed by the example of modern Russia – which is one of the most vivid representatives of countries with transitional (forming) economy and which is thus peculiar for very intensive transformation processes in business as compared to the countries that implement the concept of market economy.

Methodology: The methodology of the research is based on the method of logical analysis (analysis of causal connections) and the method of comparative historical analysis, with the help of which regularities of development of modern business systems are distinguished and stages of their evolution are determined. The method of formalization is used for graphic presentation of genesis of modern business systems.

Conclusions: As a result, four stages of evolution of modern business systems are distinguished: paternalism (1991–1997), commercialization (1998–2007), balancing (2008–2017), and technologization (since 2018). Each of the distinguished stages has its peculiarities, and the following regularities and tendencies of development of modern business systems are observed in the process of their evolution: increase of competition in business environment, increase of regulation of business from the state and society, and growth of size of business systems, which leads to complication of their structure, with increase of flexibility of business culture. Sufficiency of adaptation means with modern business systems is substantiated.

Originality/value: The determined outlines of the current stage of evolution of modern business systems allow compiling two following forecast scenarios of their further development, oriented at the period until 2025: scenario of well-balanced development of modern business systems and scenario of increase of disproportions in development of modern business systems. Implementation of these scenarios is possible in any socioeconomic system. Depending on strategic goals and priorities, each system may select the most optimal scenario and conduct the corresponding management of development of modern business systems.