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This study investigates the causal relationship between financial innovation (FI) as proxied by the bank credits to private sector, as percentage of GDP and economic growth in case of Azerbaijan using annual data covering the period from 1992 to 2018. For this purpose, the Toda–Yamamoto causality test with the framework of vector autoregressive (VAR) model is utilized to test causal relationship between the variables. The estimation results reveal that there is bidirectional causal relationship between FI and economic growth. The findings of the study suggest the researchers and policy makers to understand the role of FI in economic growth for macroeconomic stability and sustainable development purposes in Azerbaijan and other developing oil-rich countries.