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This case analysis will make the audience aware of the sudden nature of the crisis, specifically the transboundary crisis. They will be introduced to the concepts of participative leadership and situational leadership. Majorly the audience would learn to remain composed in times of crisis and comprehend how a circumstance can transform a participatory leadership style into a situational leadership style. The case will allow the audience to brainstorm how to take innovative decisions to manage a crisis situation. The primary objectives of the case are as follows: ■ to understand a transboundary crisis and its characteristics to deal with it; ■ to visualise the application of participative and situational leadership and evaluate and analyse the most suitable leadership style during an unknown crisis; ■ to make the students aware of how to remain composed in times of crisis and, for instance, implementing the change of leadership styles per the situation's requirement; and ■ to make students learn to design innovative decision-making strategies to develop a crisis management plan for managing future crises.

The case highlights the successful management of the crises faced by a multi-specialty hospital named “Shukan-Caring Lives”, established in 2017 in Vadodara city of Gujarat, India. The case revolves around the Chief Operating Officer, his executive management body and the paramedical and medical staff of the hospital, who dealt with the grave Corona crisis. This case shows how the change in leadership style from participative to situational leadership style could manage the situation by taking brilliant initiatives and providing insightful solutions with a lot of dedication, showing how situational leadership can deal with the transboundary crisis.

The case is an excellent example of a transboundary crisis for any organisation and demonstrates a novel idea of transforming the participative leadership style into a situational leadership style as and when the need arises. The topics of transboundary crisis and management crisis can be taught in strategic management. At the same time, leadership styles and transformation of leadership style can be covered in organisation behaviour. Management development programmes can also include such kinds of cases to give exposure to crisis and its management. The target audience would be PG management students, management executives and senior-level managers in various courses.

Teaching notes are available for educators only.

CSS 11: Strategy.

This paper aims to validates a framework using the Uses and Gratifications Theory (UGT) to study the effect of values, i.e. Functional Value (FV), Social Value (SV), Emotional Value (EV) and Monetary Value (MV), on the Patronage Intention (PI) of Social Network Users (SNU’s) with mediating role of Perceived Usefulness (PU).

A survey method was used to collect responses from 302 SNUs, and the variance-based structural equation method was used to understand the relationships among the constructs.

The results found a significant positive effect of FV and EV on Perceived Usefulness (PU) and MV and PU on Patronage intention (PI) of SNUs. Further, PU partially mediated the relationship of EV with PI.

This study used the UGT to understand the effect of values on the PI of SNUs. This research study contributes to the existing social networks/social media literature.

This paper aims to conceptualize a framework drawn upon the self-regulation theory to study the effect of system quality features on the continuous usage intention of social network users. The study explores the relationship among the selected variables and identifies the determinants of continuous usage intention of social networks.

A survey method was used to collect data from 301 male and 311 female social network users to test the research model with the help of the structural equation modelling technique.

The results show a difference between male and female social media users for the continuous usage intention of social networks. A substantial difference in the relationship was seen between the attitude and continuous usage intention, where female social network users had a more robust and significant relationship than their male counterparts.

This study uses the self-regulation theory to understand the continuous usage intention of social networks in the Indian context. This research study contributes to the existing literature on social networks/social media and the adoption intention.

The paper validates a framework using the media synchronicity theory (MST) to study the effect of Social Media Use at Work (SMUW) on the performance “Work Performance” (WP) of the employee. For this, the study initially observed the effect of SMUW on shared vision (SV), network ties (NT), and trust (TRUST) on the knowledge transfer (KT) and the effect of all (SV, NT, TRUST and KT) on the WP of the employees.

A survey method was used to collect responses from 157 employees working at middle and lower-level managerial positions in the chemical companies of India. The data analysis uses variance-based, partial least square SEM, which has established a relationship between the constructs.

The results found a significant effect of SMUW on the WP of the employees. It was observed that the SV and TRUST can be significantly improved with the help of SMUW, contributing to the KT and simultaneously affecting the WP of the employees.

The study has examined the positive and significant effect of SMUW on the employees' SV, NT and TRUST. Improving SV, NT and trust (dimension of social capital) through social media allows employees to transfer more knowledge. An increase in KT among the employees further positively affected the individual and group performance within the organization. SV positively affected the employee's WP, but NT and trust negatively affected the WP. The research thus provides useful insight to the managers for effective use of social media in the workplace.

The study used MST to understand the effect of the use of social media in the workplace. The study is kind of first in the Indian context which has examined the effect of employees at managerial level in chemical companies, and thus contributes to the existing literature on social networks/social media from the organizational context.

The paper is built upon the conceptual framework of ability, motivation and opportunity (AMO) to identify the effect of the high performance work system (HPWS) on the voice behaviour of the organisation.

The human resource department of the steel plants was approached to facilitate the data collection. A standardised questionnaire was used to collect responses from 169 full-time employees working at different levels and departments in the steel plant in India. Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to validate and examine the model identifying the relationship of AMO enhancing practices with the voice behaviour in the organisation.

AMO was found to affect voice behaviour in the organisation. The positive and significant effect of ability enhancement practices was examined on the acquiescent voice and the opportunity enhancing practices on the acquiescent and defensive voice in the organisation.

Even though the organisation has tried to improve the employee's ability through proper training and development efforts, the organisation still fails to develop confidence in the employee for giving the suggestion or opinions without hesitation. The research papers try to provide valuable suggestions to the human resource management (HRM) and other managers for improving the voice behaviour of the employees based on the current study that identifies the effect of AMO practices on the voice behaviour of the employees.

Factors affecting voice behaviour are not yet extensively studied in the Indian context. The researcher examined the effect of HPWS, considering the AMO framework on the organisation's acquiescent voice, defensive voice, and prosocial voice behaviour.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact of mandatory corporate social responsibility (CSR) expenditure on the firm’s financial performance in the aftermath of insertion of Section 135 in the Companies Act, 2013 for Indian listed companies.

The paper uses independent sample t-test, one-way ANOVA, fixed effect panel regression model and principal component analysis on a data set of 153 non-financial companies listed in BSE-500 companies for a period of 2015–2019.

The empirical results of the paper suggest that the mandatory CSR expenditure negatively impacts the company’s profitability.

The study has important implications for regulators and listed companies. Firstly, the mandatory CSR expenditure acts as a burden onto the on-going activities of the firms. CSR activities, therefore, should be integrated with the existing skillsets and expertise of the firms. Secondly, the government can encourage CSR activities by making the expenditure tax deductible. Moreover, the Schedule VII list of activities has a scope to become more inclusive rather than the present exhaustive list.

The paper highlights the gap in the expectation and actualisation of the CSR mandate by studying the recent data of the sample companies of the BSE-500 index. The paper adds to the CSR literature in the emerging market context.

The extraction of bioactive compounds such as pigments from natural sources, using different solvents, is a vital downstream process. The present study aims to investigate the effect of different variables, namely, extraction temperature, mass of fermented rice and time on the extraction process of orevactaene and flavanoid pigment from Epicoccum nigrum fermented broken rice.

Central composite rotatable design under response surface methodology was used for deducing optimized conditions. The pigments were extracted under conditions of extraction temperature (40-70°C), mass of fermented rice (0.5-1.5 g) and time (30-90 min), using water as the extraction media. The experimental data obtained were studied by analysis of variance. Data were fitted to a second-order polynomial equation using multiple regression analysis.

The optimum conditions generated by the software for aqueous extraction process, i.e. extraction temperature of 55.7°C, 0.79 g of fermented matter and extraction time of 56.6 min, resulted in a pigment yield of 52.7AU/g orevactaene and 77.2 AU/g flavanoid.

The developed polynomial empirical model for the optimal recovery of the orevactaene and flavanoid pigments could be used for further studies in prediction of yield under specified variable conditions.

The response surface methodology helped in optimizng the conditions for the eco-friendly low-cost aqueous extarction process for orevactaene and flavanoid pigments, produced by Epicoccum nigrum during solid state fermentation of broken rice. This optimization can provide the basis for scaling up for industrial extraction process.

This paper focuses on optimizing the extraction conditions to get the maximum yield of orevactaene and flavanoid pigments, using water as the extracting media. No literature is available on the optimization of the extraction process of Epicoccum nigrum pigments, to the best of the authors’ knowledge.