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The main objective of this paper is to critically assess sustainable development in the context of Behramkale, a vernacular village in Türkiye.

Vernacular Heritage Sustainable Architecture analysis framework has been adopted to understand and assess vernacular architecture and sustainable development in Behramkale.

The vernacular design of the old Behramkale settlement has shown more sustainable characteristics as compared to the new development area. Key findings show that trade-offs were made with respect to environmental and sociocultural aspects of sustainable development to achieve economic sustainability.

Future research with more in-depth interviews would be helpful to find out the inhabitants’ response to the conservation practices.

Based on the research conducted, life cycle analysis and sustainable strategies of vernacular settlements can be useful tools to design, develop and improve old settlements, as well as newly established settlements.

Key lessons learned from conservation practices can help to identify well-adapted solutions to respond to the needs of local communities in Türkiye and similar vernacular settlements in the Mediterranean region.

This paper critically assesses sustainable development in the context of vernacular architecture, heritage conservation and rural sustainability. Conservation practices in Türkiye are evaluated deeply as there is limited research in this field within the Mediterranean heritage conversation and sustainable development context.

We investigate connections between the development of Fintech and the blue economy from September 14th, 2020, to August 11th, 2023.

In this research, we use a cutting-edge model-free connectedness approach to investigate the relationships between FinTech and blue bond volatility. Our work is the first to investigate the effects of unknown events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine–Russia conflicts, on the interconnection of volatility derived from FinTech development and blue bond volatility.

Our results highlight the two-way relationship between the development of Fintech and the blue economy during our sample period. The net total connectedness shows that the blue economy index is a net shock receiver, especially in late 2021 and the second half of 2022, while most of the fintech indexes in our sample are mainly net shock transmitters. The Ukraine–Russia tension threatens the development of a sustainable blue economy. The development of Fintech plays an important role in promoting the blue economy.

Our results have important policy implications for investors and governments, as well as methods from the spillovers across the various indicators and their interconnections. Sharp information on the primary contagions among these indicators aids politicians in designing the most appropriate policies.

Our paper contributes to the literature in at least four ways. First, as previously stated, our article is the first to investigate the relationship between FinTech and blue bond volatility. Second, this study presented a framework for studying volatility interconnections between distinct variables that is more suited to analyzing these interconnections. In this research, we use a cutting-edge model-free connectedness approach to investigate the relationships between FinTech and blue bond volatility. Third, our work is the first to investigate the effects of unknown events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine–Russia conflicts on the interconnection of volatility deriving from FinTech development and blue bond volatility. Lastly, our research provides a daily dataset for the BNP Paribas Easy ECPI Global ESG Blue Economy UCITS ETF to analyze 50 businesses from various markets that are at the forefront of the responsible application of ocean resources and other ESG standards. The Global X FinTech ETF (FINX) and the ARK FinTech Innovation ETF (ARKF) seek exposure to companies developing financial technology innovations. The development sectors include insurance, investment, fundraising and third-party lending by utilizing cutting-edge mobile and digital technologies. Our time series runs from September 14th, 2020, to August 11th, 2023. By using this database, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the link between the volatilities arising from various markets.