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The chapter analyzed the conditions and challenges of entrepreneurship in Latin America. Looking at different stages of the Latin American context (ancient civilizations, postindependence/revolutions movements, neoliberalism), we argue that entrepreneurship in the region is under a fourth wave (the present globalization/geopolitical processes), flowing all across the region and manifests itself in different forms. Furthermore, it can be identified as a breaking point from the almost linear importation of Western positions, and proposing must be analyzed under a new perspective, where the future should be built around the different facets, positives and negatives, each of the waves had plunged into our societies. It is highlighted that new positions can be originated, and regional theories and methods can give a fresh, deep transformation and more precise understanding of Latin America in the present era, enriching the public policies in its diverse territories. The chapter invites to make a critical reflection to unleash entrepreneurship in the region, a millennial potential.

The legitimacy of history: dictated Bloch. Today, in many areas of knowledge, and of course in entrepreneurship (Wadhwani, 2010), it has become superlative. The aim of this chapter is analyzing the literature about entrepreneurship in Mexico mainly from the last 11 years of studies on the subject. Through this review, we want to highlight the progress in the field, as well as deeper opportunities in its research as a result of it, the profound need for incorporating them not only in the national academic debate but also into the entrepreneurship ecosystem and in specific public policies.

The chapter analyzed the conditions and challenges of the innovation in Latin America, and the historical trend in its study in the framework of this handbook. The transformative and inclusive approach of the innovation was evidenced as the most significant ascendent trend in the region. Furthermore, this was identified as a breaking point of the linear individualism of the entrepreneurship and the innovation in Latin America due to this type of innovation that requires high levels of collaboration and strong institutional leaderships. It was highlighted that the major challenge of recovery in the region should be accompanied by a deep transformation in the quality of education because the systematic generation of innovation implies capabilities rather than wills. The chapter closes with a critical reflexion of the phenomenon, the new lines of research in the region, and its implications.

Entrepreneurship and family businesses are fundamental factors in economic activity since, through the generation of new ideas, it is possible to generate new businesses that trigger employment, innovation, and economic growth. Recently, an emphasis on seeing both research streams from a kaleidoscope perspective has given new insights into the development and evolution of this area. Thus, exploring the differentiation between true and false entrepreneurs seems vital for today's efficient allocation of resources. A theoretical model is proposed, including micro, meso, and macro analytical spheres, adding the behavioral aspects that determine whether a person is a true or false entrepreneur and the effects that can have on the business. To observe the viability of the approach, the case of an enterprise, called “family business S,” is examined. Specifically, the results show the feasibility of applying the analytical proposal to observe the positive and negative behaviors of the family business. In the case of S, these are false entrepreneurs, given that free time and unemployment were the main reasons for starting the company, but they lacked the will and long-term vision. Also, a novel view on how to diagnose a real entrepreneur for taking over a family business is proposed, where a clinical history approach might help in the succession process.

The paper aims to relate the potential elements identified as the dark side of the family business (DSFB), where these elements can be productive or destructive. The “dark side” comprises an important contribution for entrepreneurship and family business (FB) studies, a novel perspective.

The relevant literature on entrepreneurship and FB was selected and analyzed according to the “dark side” framework.

The results suggest that many perspectives remain for research, starting with a clarification and a more precise definition, not only of the construct itself but also of the factors or forces that drive this dark side, from the entrepreneur/founder, the FB itself and the context. This approach considers a systemic position in which the context plays a significant and decisive role.

The paper has implications for the development of public policies. Business incubation entities, federal, state and local entrepreneurship/small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) programs, educational institutions and entrepreneurial families and their founders can become more aware and establish courses of action.

This paper makes a call to propose an initial point for conceptualizing the logic behind the DSFB for obtaining a deeper understanding with regard to future research. Researchers are encouraged to test the conceptual model further.

Entrepreneurship is a key factor in the growth of regions, given its impact on innovation and job creation. The relationship between start-up companies and their environment is closely linked to negotiation mechanisms since the formation of trust, the governance structure, and how entrepreneurs protect themselves from adverse situations depend on them. However, no single framework can bring together the bargaining, entrepreneurship, and institutional factors that determine the success or failure of start-ups. The objective of this chapter is to jointly analyze bargaining and entrepreneurship through the theory of economic institutionalism, Transaction Cost Theory, and Cognitive Organization Theory. To this end, an analytical scheme is proposed that brings together these precepts applied theoretically to the Latin American case. The scope is to provide a novel framework of analysis by incorporating essential institutional elements for negotiation, such as contracting, governance, organizational structure, trust, relational risks, and hedging against opportunism.

Through the metaphor of navigation, we offer the reader a journey that goes from the literature review about the main theories of creativity throughout the last century to the present, to later address it for Latin America, outlining some reflections on its current context, as well as what the future holds. The literature review shows that, unlike the Western Hemisphere, creativity as a line of research in our region has been somewhat neglected, without being given its rightful place, generally very little addressed. Therefore, it is proposed to get back on track, rescuing what has been done and through an exercise of reflection, proposing new lines of research linked to creativity itself, to innovation, and also toward entrepreneurship.