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Information users of all categories find it difficult to search information especially in this electronic age. To access information, the user has to know the necessary commands to use when searching for any information electronically. The study discussed the concept of digital literacy, Classification of Understanding the information user in electronic Age, Studies dealing with Information need and challenges of the information user in the electronic age. Suggestions on how to reach out efficiently and effectively to users were made.

This chapter x-rayed the industrial revolution phases down to the 4th industrial era or the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) The Fourth Industrial Revolution — commonly referred to as Industry 4.0 or i4.0 — is the next stage in digital transformation. The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) is sometimes described as an incoming thunderstorm, a sweeping pattern of change visible in the distance, arriving at a pace that affords little time to prepare. With the resultant effects of up-skilling and re-skilling the workforce for future fits of the industry 4.0 era. The chapter also provided answers to what skills today's workforce need to develop as their roles evolve, what re-skilling, cross-skilling, up-skilling is all about and the various strategies through which library managers can adopt to encourage their workforce to re-skill, cross-skill and up-skill.

This study discusses the role of librarian in the 21st century. Libraries are in a state of dilemma due to dramatic changes that information and communication technologies (ICTs) have brought to libraries. Libraries are faced with various challenges including insufficient funds, but the inability of librarians to acquire IT skills relevant to addressing 21st century library services could be seen as a more difficult challenge, because without these skills it will be difficult for today's librarians to render adequate services to their patrons. Therefore, it is important for librarians to recognize and proactively seek to acquire the ICT skills needed to deliver 21st century library services to their patrons. This means that librarians need to also recognize the need to continually update themselves to keep up with today's fast-paced IT changes so that they will be able to deliver what is expected of them in this new millennium.

Application of Industry 4.0 in the library is still exploratory and despite an increase research on the rising trend, many challenges remain in designing a more packaged and accessible information using industry 4.0 components, especially for the special need library users such as the visually impaired, auditory impaired, wheel chair bound among others. Existing research, tends to focus on how special need library users can utilize information services using the third industrial revolution components. However there is very slim evidence that researchers have approached the issue of how industry 4.0 can be impactful on special need library users. This chapter tries to provide an overview of how special need library users can be supported to access and utilize library services effortlessly using industry 4.0 components like IOT services, cyber-physical systems, and cloud computing.

The chapter discusses the importance of capacity building and need for continuous professional development for library and information science professionals in university libraries. The changing dynamics in higher education, information and communication technologies and the shift in the learning landscape has led to more demands for skills and competencies of library and information professionals. The need for training is more urgent than before. If University Libraries are to remain relevant in the 21st Century, they need to constantly adapt and have professional staff who are able to cope with such rapidly changing environments enabling them to deliver resources and services efficiently and effectively. The chapter, therefore, document the importance of capacitating staff in university libraries.

Marketing is an important component of libraries and other information centres. In the past, few approaches where used for marketing library collections and services. However, the use of social media tools in marketing library collection and services have over the past many years promise to be an important channel for marketing library collections and services. The purpose of this chapter therefore is to dig answers on the challenges and opportunities of using social media technologies in marketing library services and collections in 21st century environment. The chapter start with a snapshot overview of the importance of marketing library services and collection, highlight social media tools that can be used for marketing library collection and services. In addition, the chapter examines and presents the challenges facing libraries and other information centres in marketing the collection and services in 21st century environment. The methodology that will be used for this chapter is literature review comprising of journal articles, books, conference papers and newspapers articles.

The mission of libraries is to carry out information management responsibilities in the areas of acquisition, organization, preservation and dissemination of information to clientele and the clientele is expected to be satisfied with the services provided. One way in which user's satisfaction can be achieved is by repackaging the information to meet their needs in this era of ICT expansion. This advancement has posed challenges which call for changes in library services. This chapter therefore, looked at the concept of information packaging and repackaging, their various forms and the importance of information, the reasons for information packaging and their functions. Strategies for information packaging and repackaging in libraries and information centres, type of users/their information needs and the sources.

A study was done to document the standards that should be adhered to by library and information professionals in Zimbabwe to assure quality in service provision in order to meet the sustainable development goals. A literature review and web content analysis were done to unpack the various standards that all types of libraries should consider from library buildings, service provision, qualifications and accreditation of library and information science schools and professionals, and assessing the impact of libraries in the communities that they are serving. The findings review that there are international and national standards from various governing bodies that should be considered in library and information service provision. The author recommends the implementation of these standards in all the libraries to assure quality in library and information service provision.