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In this paper, we consider the Heisenberg groups which play a crucial role in both geometry and theoretical physics.

In the first part, we retrieve the geometry of left-invariant Randers metrics on the Heisenberg group H_2n+1, of dimension 2n + 1. Considering a left-invariant Randers metric, we give the Levi-Civita connection, curvature tensor, Ricci tensor and scalar curvature and show the Heisenberg groups H_2n+1 have constant negative scalar curvature.

In the second part, we present our main results. We show that the Heisenberg group H_2n+1 cannot admit Randers metric of Berwald and Ricci-quadratic Douglas types. Finally, the flag curvature of Z-Randers metrics in some special directions is obtained which shows that there exist flags of strictly negative and strictly positive curvatures.

In this work, we present complete Reimannian geometry of left invarint-metrics on Heisenberg groups. Also, some geometric properties of left-invarainat Randers metrics will be studied.

Clinical governance (CG) was used as a driver to improve safety and quality of healthcare. CG implementing is a change in health system and all the stakeholders must be participating. The purpose of this paper is to study nurses’ experience about CG movement in Tabriz hospitals.

A qualitative study using Focus Group Discussions (FGD) was done. Purposeful Sampling was used to select the objectives including 65 participants. Actually seven FGD’s were held. Content analysis was used to extract the meaningful themes.

It is revealed that nurses are the focal point in CG implementation in hospitals. Low commitment of managers and lack of physicians’ contribution was experienced by nurses. However, personnel education and development and patient safety have got more attention. Blame culture and increased work stress was reported as challenges.

CG as a change in healthcare system, especially in low- and middle-income countries, is faced by several challenges and its implementation would have different experiences. Nursing staff, the major group in hospitals, would be having interesting experiences through CG. Their practical opinions could guide the policy makers to employ proper plans to effectively implement CG. Considering the result of this study in practice would lead to improve CG implementation.

The purpose of this paper is to determine accreditation effects on Iranian military hospital health service quality through nurses’ viewpoints.

The paper is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study. Sampling drew from a hospital nurse census (n=160). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze participant demographics and nurses’ views. Linear regression analysis determined the independent variables’ overall effect on the accreditation quality results dimension (dependent variable).

From the nurses’ viewpoints, accreditation effects on services quality mean score was 3.60±0.61. Linear regression analysis showed that leadership and quality management were identified as the most important accreditation quality predictors. The R² value (0.698) showed that nearly 70 percent of the dependent variable changes were affected by the independent variables.

This study gives hospital managers a deeper insight into accreditation and its effects on military hospital service quality. Military hospitals benefit from military organization such as hierarchy and command chain, so managers should employ these characteristics to adopt appropriate policies to promote human resource management as a competitive advantage. Furthermore, results will guide public and private hospital managers on how to manage organizational variables that benefit from accreditation.

Accreditation was introduced as a hospital quality improvement program. However, implementing accreditation programs should be cost-effective. Hospital managers and employees should feel that accreditation can improve service quality. Nurses had positive viewpoints about accreditation and its effects on military hospital service quality.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a new structural damage detection technique based on multi-channel empirical mode decomposition (MEMD) of vibrational response data.

Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is an empirical data-based signal decomposition method which has been applied in many engineering problems. Utilizing classical EMD to reveal the damage-indicating features of structural vibration response encounters some difficulties due to the inconsistency of modes obtained from different data channels. To overcome this problem, MEMD has been employed. To this end, MEMD algorithm has been adopted to impulse response vector of measured DOFs. The proposed method has been carried out concerning both numerical and experimental beam models. Damage has been modeled by reducing the flexural rigidity in some predefined beam sections. The effects of various factors such as measurement grid density, damage severity and damage position are investigated.

The results of both numerical and experimental case studies have been promising. The method could determine the damage location in all cases. The efficiency of method gets better when damage is located far from inflation points of the corresponding mode. In such cases, utilizing higher modes can make up the efficiency.

Since the present research is the first investigation of MEMD in damage localization, just one-dimensional structures have been studied. Extending the method to more complicated geometries needs further attempt.

Although a number of relevant studies have been carried out based on EMD, up to the author’s best knowledge, this is the first attempt to structural damage localization using MEMD.

Accreditation helps to ensure safe and high-quality services in hospitals. Different occupational groups have various hospital accreditation experiences. The purpose of this paper is to investigate nurses’ accreditation experience and its effects on Iranian teaching hospital service quality.

This was a qualitative study involving a phenomenological approach to studying nurses’ hospital accreditation experience and understanding the effects on Iranian teaching hospital service quality. Data were collected using two focus groups in which nurses were selected using purposive sampling. Transcripts were analyzed using content analysis.

Nurses’ experiences showed that hospital administrators and nurses had greater role in implementing accreditation than other occupational groups. Accreditation improved patient-centeredness, patient safety, logistics and managerial processes and decision making. However, a weak incentive system, extra documentation and work stress were negative experiences.

Nurse experience, as the most important care team member, reveals accreditation’s strengths and weaknesses and its effects on service quality.

The author used a phenomenology approach to measure accreditation effects on service quality – a valuable tool for understanding a phenomenon among those that experience hospital accreditation processes.

This paper aims to examine the challenges faced by health-care leadership in teaching hospitals in attaining accreditation for their institutions.

This paper is based on a study of current literature on health-care leadership, hospital accreditation and quality of patient care and identifies the challenges facing health-care leadership in attaining accreditation for teaching hospitals.

Based on a review and analysis of literature, infrastructure, finance, legal support, workforce recruitment and training, documentation and technology are identified as challenges faced by health-care leadership in teaching hospitals. The key challenges facing health-care leadership with respect to medical education and clinical research are found to be integration of education into hospital operations, compliance with all regulatory and professional requirements and adequacy of resources in executing research programs.

This study draws the attention of health-care leadership in teaching hospitals on the challenges they face in obtaining accreditation for their institutions so that they may develop appropriate strategies to overcome them.

The present paper concerns the domestic and international accreditations of business schools to find the commonalities in various accreditation standards. The study also addresses cost involvement and comparisons between various accreditations.

The research examined the requirements, methods and preparations for many national and international accrediting authorities. The accreditation criteria, history and guidelines were collected from secondary data sources. The content analysis was used to draw conclusions about the similarities and differences between the data sources and identify any differences and similarities between various accreditations.

The study found commonalities across accreditation standards and cost analyses, helping institutions achieve suitable accreditations. To unify the administrative procedure at the institutional level and reduce duplicates for schools seeking multiple accreditations, similarities in all accreditation requirements are analysed. The comparison helps organisations determine which accreditation standard best suits their needs and goals. Schools with limited budgets might compare accreditation costs to determine which are worth pursuing.

This study is limited to comparing a few accreditation bodies related to management education. In future research, the study may be extended to other areas. The use of the approach developed in this study for evaluating accreditation agencies of different streams, such as engineering, science and medicine, will be the study's future implications.

The research indicates that schools can streamline accreditation by identifying commonalities, aligning procedures, comparing standards and conducting cost assessments. These insights aid efficient accreditation and inform accrediting bodies' framework enhancements. Standards facilitate global performance comparisons.

This is likely the first study to compare Indian and international accreditations using the accreditation frameworks and cost analyses using comparative analysis. The study recommends strategies for achieving academic benchmarks through continuous improvement activities and success in international competition.