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This paper aims to study the physical and chemical characteristics of inkjet titanium dioxide inks for cotton fabric digital printing.

Different dispersing agents through the reaction of glycerol monooleate and toluene diisocyanate were prepared and then performed by using three different polyols (succinic anhydride-modified polyethylene glycol PEG 600, EO/PO Polyether Monoamine and p-chloro aniline Polyether Monoamine), to obtain three different dispersing agents for water-based titanium dioxide inkjet inks. The prepared dispersants were characterized using FTIR to monitor the reaction progress. Then the prepared dispersants were formulated in titanium dioxide inkjet inks formulation and characterized by particle size, dynamic surface tension, transmission electron microscopy, viscosity and zeta potential against commercial dispersants. Also, the study was extended to evaluate the printed polyester by using the prepared inks according to washing and crock fastness.

The obtained results showed that p-chloro aniline Polyether Monoamine (J) and succinic anhydride modified polyethylene glycol PEG 600 (H) dispersants provided optimum performance as compared to commercial standards especially, particle size distribution data while EO/PO Polyether Monoamine based on dispersant was against and then failed with the wettability and dispersion stability tests.

These ink formulations could be used for printing on cotton fabric by DTG technique of printing and can be used for other types of fabrics.

The newly prepared ink formulation for digital textile printing based on synthesized polyurethane prepolymers has the potential to be promising in this type of printing inks, to prevent clogging of nozzles on the printhead and to improve the print quality on the textile fiber.

The purpose of this paper is to develop technically efficient and economically effective sacrificial anodes that can be used for cathodic protection (CP) of pipelines in marine environment and fill the knowledge gap in the use of carbon anodes for CP.

A sacrificial anode was produced via sand casting by adding varying weight-percent of coal and ferrosilicon to a constant weight-percent of grey cast iron. The hardness of the produced anodes was evaluated using a Rockwell hardness tester. The microstructure of the anodes was observed with scanning electron microscope/energy-dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to study the phases present. A potentiostat was used to assess the corrosion behaviour of the produced anodes and mild steel in 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution.

The SEM results showed that some anodes had interdendritic graphite formation, while others had pronounced graphite flakes. The EDS analysis showed carbon and iron to be the prominent elements in the anode. Anodes Bc, B2 and B5 with a corrosion rate of two order of magnitudes were observed to have similar dendritic structures. Anode B4 is the most electronegative with an Ecorr of −670.274 mV Ag/AgCl and a corrosion rate of 0.052475 mmpy. The produced anodes can be used to protect mild steel in the same environment owing to their lower Ecorr values compared to that of mild steel −540.907 mV Ag/AgCl.

Alloying has been majorly used to improve the efficiency of sacrificial anodes and to alleviate its setbacks. However, development of more technically efficient and economically effective sacrificial anodes via production of composite has not been exhaustively considered. Hence, this research focuses on the development of a carbon based anode by adding natural occurring coal and ferrosilicon to grey cast iron. The corrosion behaviour of the produced anode was evaluated and compared to that of mild steel in marine environment.