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This study presents a comprehensive investigation of turnover intention within the context of higher education, specifically focusing on private universities in Egypt, to develop a robust conceptual framework to explore this phenomenon.

The study sample comprised both male and female tenured faculty members from private universities, and data were collected through questionnaires, resulting in 396 completed responses. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS and partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) software.

The study highlights the significant impact of work-life balance (WLB) and organizational commitment on turnover intention, with job satisfaction as a mediating factor. Additionally, the research reveals that emotional intelligence (EI) does not directly influence turnover intention, but its effects are fully mediated by job satisfaction.

This research not only advances the theoretical understanding of why academics contemplate leaving their positions but also underscores the significance of this topic. Moreover, by exploring turnover intention in the private education sector of the Middle East, the study addresses a notable gap in the existing literature.

The integration of environmental responsibility in the organisational structure of companies means granting an increasing relevance to this area. They have a manager in charge of the area or a department dedicated exclusively to it, which should redound to the achievement of increasingly higher effectiveness of the environmental programs. The objective of this paper is to judge the level of development of environmental management systems and their relation to the importance companies attach to the environmental area in their organisational chart. We show that as companies advance in their environmental behaviour they attach more importance to this area in their organisational structure.

This study contributes to the literature on eco-innovation (EI) and the circular economy (CE) by providing insights into the factors of external knowledge absorption that facilitate the adoption of a subset of EIss called proactive-EIs. Proactive-EIs involve collaborations among multiple stakeholders, the use of technical knowledge and a greater level of investment than other innovations. In this study, the environmental actions taken by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in resource-intensive sectors in the European Union (EU) were observed, and elements related to the national context were compared.

The national innovation system (NIS) perspective was adopted using a multilevel framework to assess the determinants of proactive-EIs among SMEs in the EU. The framework involves three levels: micro- (environmental awareness), meso- (external collaboration and intra-industry agglomeration) and macro- (economic complexity, trade openness and government research and development [R&D]). The survey data of 6,188 SMEs in resource-intensive sectors were analysed using a binary logistic regression.

The results showed that public awareness, economic complexity and public sector R&D positively influenced SMEs' adoption of proactive-EIs, whereas external collaboration and sectoral agglomeration negatively influenced adoption.

Among the existing empirical studies on EI, areas related to external knowledge-based innovations and systematic assessments of heterogeneity among EU member states remain underexplored. This study contributed to the literature by assessing the conditions surrounding external knowledge absorption. The findings contribute to the green entrepreneurship literature in the context of developed economies and offer insights for managers and policymakers seeking to promote EIs.

This paper aims to describe and understand the offer of premium private labels (PPLs) in Italy, with a case study on the extra virgin olive oil (EVOO).

The empirical study on EVOO in Italy was aimed to investigate the drivers of the offer of PPLs and its effects on assortment policies. The study was carried out in three Italian provinces, using a cross-sectional design with data collected through direct observation. A two-step data analysis was performed. First, descriptive statistics were used to preliminary appraise hypotheses on the rationale underlying the offer of PPL, and then, the drivers of PPL policy were studied using a logistic regression model.

The estimated model indicates that in the case of EVOO the probability of offering a PPL is higher for stronger with a stronger competitive position (with respect to other stores), and increases with the size of the category assortment (Total Assortment Width) and with the share of the PL products offered by the store (PL Assortment Index). It also increases if the average price (Total Average Price) and the average price of the standard private label (SPL Average Price) improve; by contrast, it decreases if the national brand (NB) share in the assortment (NB Assortment Index) augments.

Overall, the study confirms that the multi-tiered PL strategy is one of the current competitive strategies of top retailers, centred more on a differentiation than on a low cost/price policy. Such a differentiation policy may have various effects in terms of channel structure and social welfare depending on the underlying corporate and consumer goals and beliefs and on the existing institutional framework.

This is the first study to investigate the PPL market in Italy using original data and taking into account policies actually carried out at the individual store level. A further element of novelty is the attention given to the welfare effects of multi-tier strategies. This paper suggests that these latter may have various effects in terms of channel structure and social welfare depending on the underlying corporate and consumer goals and beliefs and on the existing institutional framework.