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The purpose of this paper is to analyse the certified emission reduction (CERs) disclosure and reporting practices followed by Indian firms.

The study is based on all 131 Indian firms who received the CERs under the CDM of UNFCCC. The content analysis is being used to examine the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of CERs within the financial statements.

The study found that there is generally no uniformity of accounting for CERs. The firms adopted a diversity of accounting practices. More specifically, majority of companies (40.46 per cent) recognised CERs as the other income; a very high non-disclosure rate (91.60 per cent) for valuation of CERs inventories was found as only four companies (3.05 per cent) provided accounting treatment for CERs inventories at lower of cost or net realisable value followed by three companies (2.29 per cent) accounted for these inventories at Net realisable value at the end of the reporting period; similarly, a very high non-disclosure rate (92.36 per cent) for how companies account for expenses incurred in earning these credits was found.

The study will be useful for a wide array of audiences ranging from accounting standard setter to the auditors. The present analysis is based on secondary data, as we examined only annual reports of the sample companies to know how they recognise their earned CERs within the financial statements. So, we did not cover the opinions of various key persons of companies like an accountant, auditors etc. which could be a limitation of this study in validating CERs disclosure practices followed by the Indian firms.

To the best of the author's knowledge, the present study is a first of its kind to analyse the carbon credit disclosure practices in the context of a developing country.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between Certified Emission Reductions (CERs) information and a firm’s stock prices.

The present study is based on 193 CERs announcements by Indian firms over a 13-year period 2005–2017. The event study methodology is used to examine the impact of CERs announcements on a firm’s share prices.

The study suggests that the issuance of CERs did not produce any significant abnormal return. More specifically, the outcomes of event study shows that over a two-day event window from the event day to the day after the event (i.e. days 0 to 1), the mean and median of AARs are −0.25 and −0.34 percent, respectively. The abnormal returns on day 1 are not statistically significant as per the t-test. Moreover, the mean and median of abnormal returns after one day (−1) are negative, indicating that investors react negatively to CERs announcements. However, the mean and median of CAARs over both the two-day (i.e. days −1 to 0 and days 0 to +1) and three-day (i.e. days −1 to +1) event windows are positive, but not statistically significant based on the t-test.

The findings of the study are quite comprehensive, relatively used only market-based criteria of a firm’s financial performance, e.g., share price, at times, inhibits generalizing the results.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, the present study is a first of its kind to investigate the relationship between the CERs information and a firm’s stock prices.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the relationship between carbon emissions and a firm’s cost of debt (COD) in the Indian context.

The present study is based on the Indian firms who disclose their emissions data under the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) during the period 2011 to 2014. The selection model is being used to remove the problem of endogeneity and sample selection bias. Further, the testing model is being used to examine the impact of carbon emissions on the COD.

The present study found that the coefficient of carbon emissions is positively and significantly associated with the COD. Moreover, the outcomes of the robustness test further show that the COD will be higher for polluting firms than environmentally friendly firms in India.

The study has covered all the companies from India who are disclosing their emissions data under the CDP, London. The study will be most relevant for financial planning and capital structure design by the Indian companies. However, in designing the capital structure, the only COD is being covered in this study.

To the best of the author’s knowledge, the present study is a first of its kind to investigate the relationship between firms’ carbon emissions level and COD in the Indian context.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of IFRS convergence on annual report readability in an emerging market context, with an emphasis on the contents of management discussion and analysis (MD&A), notes to the accounts (Notes) and the whole annual report.

The study performs firm-fixed effect regression on a sample of 143 Indian listed companies over a period spanning from 2012 to 2021 to examine the influence of IFRS convergence on readability. This assessment primarily focuses on broader spectrums of readability dimensions, namely annual report length and complexity, wherein complexity is measured using the Gunning Fog, Flesch Reading ease and Flesch-Kincaid grade index.

As Indian firms shift to IFRS reporting, the findings suggest that annual reports have become significantly lengthier and more complex, causing deterioration in readability. The Notes section, in particular, exhibits the most significant increase in length and complexity, followed by the entire annual report and MD&A section. Furthermore, the findings also indicate that the complexity of the Notes section is instrumental in the observed complexity growth of the whole annual report in the post-IFRS period.

The current study employs readability indices rather than directly taking into consideration the opinions of actual users of annual reports to determine readability. As a result, the study does not provide direct evidence on how information in annual reports affects users' readability.

The findings provide insightful information to managers and policymakers about the difficulties stakeholders may encounter while reading IFRS-based annual reports, which ultimately impact their investment decisions. Thus, there is an important managerial implication from this, depending upon the severity of complexity corporations participate in while complying with IFRS in the post-IFRS period.

Analyzing the influence of exogenous information shock, such as IFRS convergence, on readability is critical, particularly for emerging markets like India, where a lack of financial literacy and weaker enforcement already have detrimental effects on the capital market. In light of this, the current study provides a comprehensive examination of the impact of IFRS convergence on annual report readability and contributes to the growing IFRS literature in the less explored emerging market context.

This study aims to empirically investigate the effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) convergence on corporate risk disclosure, with a particular emphasis on the quantity and coverage of risk information. The research also conducts economic benefit and cost analysis to investigate the economic implications that may arise from the transition to IFRS reporting.

A content analysis approach is used to measure two broader dimensions of risk disclosure, namely, risk disclosure quantity and risk topic coverage. Furthermore, using firm-fixed effect regression on a sample of 143 Indian-listed companies, this study investigates the variations in these risk disclosure dimensions before (2012–2016) and subsequent to (2017–2021) the convergence with IFRS.

The empirical results of this research demonstrate that IFRS convergence has led to a significant improvement in firms’ risk disclosure across several dimensions. Particularly, during the post-IFRS period, firms’ usage of risk-related words and sentences has considerably surged in MD&A, Notes and whole annual reports. In addition, upon IFRS convergence, firms’ risk descriptions have become more extensive and evenly distributed across risk topic categories. Moreover, the in-depth benefit and cost analysis revealed that firms reporting under IFRS benefit from decreased cost of equity capital, but they also incur a higher cost of audit fees.

This study contributes to the literature in two ways. First, this is the only study, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to conduct a broader examination of the impact of mandatory IFRS convergence on corporate risk disclosure, with a major focus on quantity and coverage of risk information. Second, by conducting economic benefit and cost analysis, this study provides novel insights into the critical role of IFRS risk disclosures toward multiple economic outcomes.

This study aims to investigate the effects of IFRS convergence on market liquidity and to analyze the firm-level heterogeneity in liquidity effects based on reporting incentive, firm size, ownership structure and firm leverage.

The empirical analysis is based on firm-fixed effect regression using several proxies of market liquidity as dependent variables. The sample consists of 337 firms listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) who shifted to IFRS from the financial year 2016–2017.

The empirical findings indicate that IFRS convergence has contributed to the significant increase in market liquidity in a weaker enforcement country, i.e. India. Additionally, when the study performs the heterogeneity test of IFRS impact, the results indicate the presence of significant cross-sectional differences in such liquidity effects across firms. Thus, altogether the findings suggest that both accounting convergence and firm-level factors are likely to be the mechanism underlying the observed improvement in market liquidity.

In the current literature, there is an ongoing debate about whether the observed post-IFRS effects are driven by the change in accounting standard per se or by other related factors. Therefore, by studying the liquidity effects of IFRS convergence in India, this study provides evidence regarding the sources of the documented IFRS effects. Moreover, the study indicates the significance of firm-level factors in determining the observed liquidity outcomes around IFRS adoption, which is unique to the literature.

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the preparations carried out by the Indian banking industry for the implementation of the International Financial Reporting Standards on and after 1 April 2011.

The paper is based upon the critical analysis of the financial statements of the Indian banking industry and the relevant provisions of IFRS and other relevant laws applicable for the Indian banking industry.

The main finding of this paper is that the Indian banking industry is preparing according to the target for convergence from 1 April 2011, but amendments in the various statutory laws of India are yet to be implemented/approved by the government.

This paper covers only the Indian banking industry and excludes all other industries in India.

This paper shows the areas in which the Indian banking industry is required to focus before and after the implementation of IFRS, and their consequences on the financial statements of the bank.

This study aims to investigate the moderating effect of travel motivation on the relationship between perceived risks, travel constraints and visit intention of young women travelers.

A quantitative study was performed, and data were collected from 416 female university students using convenience sampling. Structural equation modeling with partial least square approach was used to test the research hypotheses.

The findings revealed that travel motivation has a moderating effect by weakening the negative relationships between physical risk, structural constraints and visit intention.

The findings of this study provide useful insights for destination managers about the influence of travel motivation on the behavioral intention of young women travelers in the case of higher perceptions of travel risks and constraints.

Literature has discussed the intervening role of travel motivations in different contexts. However, studies are scarce in examining the effect of travel motivation in weakening the negative influence of high perceptions of risks and constraints on intention to visit.

The production of long-lasting fragrant semi-worsted fabrics using dendritic compounds as one of the nano size materials is concerned. Also quantitative assessments of the odour intensity of the fragrant fabrics using an electronic-nose (E-nose) are made. The paper aims to discuss these issues.

The semi-worsted fabrics were perfumed using the second generation of polypropylene-imine (PPI) dendrimer as a host molecules. The ginseng and rosewater fragrances as guest molecules were applied into the PPI dendrimer to produce long-lasting fragrant fabrics. The odour intensity as well as long-lasting properties of the fragrant fabrics perfumed recently and the other sample perfumed one year ago were evaluated via E-nose fabricated in our laboratory. Physical properties of the fragrant fabrics were compared to the non-fragrant ones.

The interaction between ginseng and rosewater fragrances with the second generation of PPI dendrimer into the semi-worsted fabrics made a long-lasting fragrant fabrics without considerable impacts on bending length, air permeability and wrinkle recovery angles based on statistical analysis. However, the effects of making fragrant fabrics on the increasing weight are significant. In addition, the E-nose was successfully used to monitor the release of ginseng and rosewater fragrance from the fabrics by the response patterns of a temperature-modulated chemo-resistive gas sensor. E-nose analysis showed that the aroma intensity released from the old fragrant semi-worsted fabrics has no obvious diversity from that of new fragrant fabrics.

The findings suggest that the semi-worsted fabrics perfumed with dendritic materials revealed excellent sustained release property.

This study investigates how employees' experience of resource-depleting workplace loneliness may steer them away from performance-enhancing work efforts as informed by their propensity to engage in negative work rumination. It also addresses whether and how religiosity might serve as a buffer of this harmful dynamic.

The hypotheses tests rely on three-round survey data collected among employees who work in various organizations in Pakistan – a relevant country context, considering the importance of people's religious faith for their professional functioning and its high-uncertainty avoidance and collectivism, which likely make workplace loneliness a particularly upsetting experience.

An important channel through which a sense of being abandoned at work compromises job performance is that employees cannot “switch off” and stop thinking about work, even after hours. The role of this explanatory mechanism is mitigated, however, when employees can draw from their religious beliefs.

For human resource (HR) managers, this study pinpoints a notable intrusion into the personal realm, namely, repetitive thinking about work-related issues, through which perceptions of work-related loneliness translate into a reluctance to contribute to organizational effectiveness with productive work activities. It also showcases how this translation can be subdued with personal resources that enable employees to contain the hardships they have experienced.

This study helps unpack the connection between workplace loneliness and job performance by detailing the unexplored roles of two important factors (negative work rumination and religiosity) in this connection.