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The type of social capital among families involved in business, or family social capital, has both positive and negative effects on family firms. This paper aims to investigate the mediating role of social relationships of family business members between socioemotional wealth (SEW) and firms' entrepreneurial orientation.

The authors applied a survey conducted in the four main cities in Mexico. The sample consisted of 360 small and medium enterprise (SMEs). This study's research framework and hypothesis were tested using regression analysis and the structural equation modeling technique.

This study finds that not only does SEW strongly influence the entrepreneurial orientation of family firms, but this influence is also mediated by the capability of such families to develop their social capital.

The results show the perspective of one person in the company. Though it is the person with the highest rank and presumably the person who thoroughly knows the company, there is always a possibility of bias, which may inflate the results presented in this paper.

Based on this study's results, family firms should continuously improve their entrepreneurial abilities to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. In addition, their unique family-related characteristics further enhance these strategic approaches' positive effects on relational capital development.

This work contributes to the academic literature on entrepreneurship and social capital. As a mediator between SEW and entrepreneurial orientation, family relational capital has been under-researched. The results of this study reveal significant implications for networking management and relational capital strategies for SMEs.

Las relaciones y conexiones de las familias involucradas en los negocios, o capital social familiar, tienen efectos tanto positivos como negativos en las empresas familiares. Este artículo investiga el papel mediador de las relaciones sociales de los miembros de la empresa familiar entre la riqueza socioemocional y la orientación empresarial de las empresas.

Se aplicó una encuesta realizada en las cuatro principales ciudades de México. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 360 pymes. El marco de investigación y la hipótesis de este estudio se probaron mediante análisis de regresión y la técnica Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).

Nuestro estudio encuentra que la riqueza socioemocional no solo influye fuertemente en la orientación emprendedora de las empresas familiares, sino que este factor también está mediado por la capacidad de dichas familias para desarrollar su capital social.

Este trabajo contribuye a la literatura académica sobre emprendimiento y capital social. Como mediador entre la riqueza socioemocional y la orientación emprendedora, el capital relacional familiar ha sido poco investigado. Nuestros resultados revelan implicaciones significativas para la gestión de redes y las estrategias de capital relacional para las Pymes.

As relações e conexões das famílias envolvidas nos negócios, ou capital social familiar, têm efeitos positivos e negativos nas empresas familiares. Este artigo investiga o papel mediador das relações sociais dos membros da empresa familiar entre a riqueza socioemocional e a orientação empreendedora das empresas.

Foi aplicado um inquérito realizado nas quatro principais cidades do México. A amostra foi constituída por 360 PME. A estrutura de pesquisa e a hipótese deste estudo foram testadas usando análise de regressão e a técnica de Modelagem de Equações Estruturais (SEM).

Nosso estudo conclui que a riqueza socioemocional não apenas influencia fortemente a orientação empreendedora das empresas familiares, mas que esse fator também é mediado pela capacidade dessas famílias de desenvolver seu capital social.

Este trabalho contribui para a literatura acadêmica sobre empreendedorismo e capital social. Como mediador entre a riqueza socioemocional e a orientação empreendedora, o capital relacional familiar tem recebido pouca pesquisa. Nossos resultados revelam implicações significativas para a gestão de rede e estratégias de capital relacional para PMEs.

The purpose of this paper is to analyse the processes of collecting used non-returnable packaging. The objective is to increase the quality and quantity of recycling material used in the production of new packages.

A reverse logistics network is proposed, nevertheless the focus of the study is addressing the collection routing problem. Specifically a new “profitable visit algorithm” (PVA) based on the well-known Nearest Neighbor is proposed and tested, in both real and simulated scenarios, in order to achieve higher volume of collected material while lowering the cost of collection.

The proposed algorithm is set to compete against the well-known Nearest Neighbor. The “PVA” showed a far better performance than the Nearest Neighbor. The latter was assessed with real data in a real scenario and was also confirmed by a simulation.

Further research should envisage stochastic models and tighter time constraints.

Managers can use the algorithm in similar scenarios to address different routing needs. New business activities could be foreseen by starting a logistics scheme of this type. Additionally, new savings in material procurement processes could be achieved in current operations.

Social responsibility and environmental awareness can be approached by this type of endeavors. While reducing waste disposal, the recovering of these materials yields savings and offer new labor opportunities for people.

The “PVA” introduced in this paper, showed substantial advantages. First it automatically determines the visit frequency for each client. Also, it evaluates whether a visit should be granted or not based on its “profitability.” The latter ensures that even if the routing circuit is broken at any moment, the company will not lose “profit.” Additionally, this research provides performance evaluation in real and simulated scenarios, which is hard to obtain in a single study.

 Reverse logistics, Recycling, Routing algorithm, Non-returnable packages, Real scenarios

 Research type

Objetivo

Este artículo analiza los procesos de recolección deenvases no retornable usados. El objetivo es aumentar la calidad y cantidad de material reciclable usado en la producción de nuevos envasados.

Se propone una red de logística reversa, no obstante el enfoque del estudio es abordar el problema de la ruta de recolección. Específicamente, se propone un nuevo “algoritmo de visita rentable” basado en el bien conocido Vecino Más Próximo y se testea en ambos escenarios reales y simulados, para poder lograr un volumen más alto de material recolectado y a su vez disminuir los costo de recolección.

El algoritmo propuesto está definido para competir contra el bien conocido Vecino Más próximo. El “algoritmo de visita rentable” mostro un rendimiento mucho mejor que el de Vecino Más próximo. Este último se evaluó con datos reales en un escenario real y también se confirmo a través de una simulación.

Investigaciones futuras deberían visualizar modelos estocásticos y restricciones de tiempo más limitadas.

Administradores pueden usar el algoritmo en escenarios similares para dirigir las diferentes necesidades de la ruta. Nuevas actividades de negocios podrían ser previstas iniciando un esquema logístico de este tipo. Adicionalmente, nuevos ahorros en procesos de material de adquisición podría ser logrado en las operaciones actuales.

La responsabilidad social y conciencia ambiental puede ser abarcado con este tipo de actividad. No sólo se reducen los residuos, pero también la recuperación de estos materiales genera ahorros y ofrece nuevas oportunidades de trabajo para las personas.

El “algoritmo visita rentable” introducido en este articulo, mostró ventajas substanciales. Primero, determina automáticamente la frecuencia de visitas para cada cliente. Además, evalúa si una visita basada en su “rentabilidad” debería ser dada o no. Esta última asegura que aunque el circuito de la ruta se quiebra en cualquier momento, la empresa no perderá “ganancias.” Adicionalmente, esta investigación provee evaluaciones de desempeño en escenarios reales y simulados, lo cual es difícil de obtener en un sólo estudio.

Trabajo de investigación

Objetivo

Este artigo analisa o processo de coletade embalagens não retornáveis usadas. O objetivo é aumentar a qualidade e as quantidades de materiais recicláveis utilizados na produção de novas embalagens.

Uma rede de logística reversa é proposta, embora o enfoque da pesquisa é abordar o problema da roteamento da coleta. Especificamente, um novo algoritmo de “Profitable Visit” baseado no conhecido Nearest Neighboré proposto Dois cenários são testados, um real e um simulado, com objetivos deatingimento de um volume maior de material coletado e também de diminuir os custos decoleta.

O algoritmo foi proposto para competir com o conhecido Nearest Neighbor. O algoritmo de “Profitable Visit” mostra um rendimento melhor que o Nearest Neighbor. Este último foi avaliado com dadosreais em um cenário real e também confirmado através de simulação.

Pesquisas futuras deveriam abordar modelos estocásticos e maiores restrições de tempo.

Gerentes podem utilizar o algoritmo em cenários similares para gerenciar diferentes necessidades de roteamento de coleta. Novos processos de negócios poderiam ser previstos com base em projetos logísticos deste tipo. Adicionalmente, ganhos adicionais em processos de compra de materiais poderiam ser obtidosem operações presentes.

A responsabilidade social e a consciência ambiental podem ser abordadas com este tipo de projeto. Junto com a eliminação de resíduos, a recuperação desses materiaistambém gera renda e oferece novas oportunidades de trabalho para as pessoas.

O algoritmo Profitable Visit” apresentadoneste artigo mostra vantagens substanciais. Primeiro, determina automaticamente a freqüência de visitas para cada cliente. Também, avalia se uma visita com base na “rentabilidade” deveria ocorrer ou não. Este aspecto assegura que quando o circuito da rota é modificado em qualquer momento, a empresa não perderá seus “ganhos.” Adicionalmente, esta pesquisa fornece avaliações de desempenho em cenários reais e simulados, o que é difícil de ocorrer em um único estudo.

Trabathos de pesquisa

The response of governments to the health crisis caused by COVID-19 has been different in each country. This chapter analyzes the reaction that the Mexican government had to the health crisis. At first, the context in which the pandemic occurs is described, characterized by high social and political polarization, a process of centralization of authority, a precarious health sector with limited institutional capacities, and government communication characterized by ambiguous and confusing messages. Subsequently, we discuss the tensions and limitations of state autonomy and the coordination mechanisms, such as the National Health Council. We also present the policies portfolio developed and implemented to address the health crisis, like the national healthy distance program, hospital reconversion, and the national vaccination program. Finally, we identify a series of challenges and learnings offered by the Mexican case to improve health crisis management in the future.

The aim of this chapter is to explore the gender dynamics of the juncture of migration and health in the case of Ecuadorean migrations to Spain, the United States, and back.

By building on a feminist intersectional take on the social determination of health as defined by Latin American critical epidemiology, the project was designed within an activist research framework, and data were collected transnationally from 2015 to 2019 via surveys, individual and group interviews, participant observation in health and migration workshops and trainings for migrant communities, advocates, and health practitioners.

Our study identified and conceptualized various health processes and psycho-sociocultural coping mechanisms that migrants and relatives traversed and employed and pointed to how they manifested their agency in sustaining, reinforcing, and challenging dominant heteropatriarchal gender regimes.

While the findings cannot be generalized to all Ecuadorean migrants given sampling limitations, our research can help migrant communities further understand how their health and well-being may be affected by migration and, in turn, take precautionary and restorative measures.

The combination of various critical theories allowed us to uncover how migration as a risk factor affected the health of migrants, nonmigrating relatives and returnees in a nuanced and complex manner that traversed disciplinary silos and challenged both the mainstream biomedical approach, which typically exoticize, demean, and/or marginalize migrant health, and the literature's tendency to code migrants as victims as opposed to recognizing their protagonism.

Pulque is a fundamental piece in the Mexican gastronomy and identifying consumers’ perception could help promote it and generate new opportunities of commercialization. The purpose of this paper is twofold: first, to explore the underlying factors that influence consumers’ perception toward pulque, and second, to identify groups of consumers according to their perception.

A questionnaire was designed and applied to 220 consumers within points of sales. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was undertaken and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was used to identify different groups of consumers.

By means of EFA three factors were obtained: traditionality, bad reputation of pulquerías and functional beverage. In order to identify different consumption patterns among consumers, HCA was performed and three groups were identified: traditional, neo-consumers and neo-consumers in transition. The groups identified showed significant differences in their perception.

Pulque has recently gained interest in various consumer sectors, mainly among young consumers, who are consuming and promoting the beverage these days. In this sense, the results of this work could be used for its promotion and consumption in order to attract more consumers and make a contribution to the development of local economies.

This is the first work in Mexico to explore the perception of consumers toward pulque: the most important traditional fermented beverage in Central México. Results of this research suggest the appearance of a revaluation process among young consumers, more informed and with greater sensitivity toward traditional Mexican food, particularly in the case of pulque. Likewise, these results could be useful for producers and sellers to carry out commercial strategies and promote the drink.

The purpose of this chapter is to present a case studio on a successful urban sustainability public policy in Mexico: Línea Verde. The main goal of Línea Verde was to improve the inhabitant’s welfare through a sustainability project.

From a theoretical discussion and empirical research methods, throughout this chapter we present the results and discuss the possible elements that explain successful sustainable public policies.

Our main findings are that complex contexts like the Mexican – budgetary impediments, weak institutions, corruption, and federal fragmentations – political abilities seem to enable the final implementation of the project.

This case works as a laboratory of ideas to implement easily, or more effective, environmental policies in countries as complex as, or less than Mexico. Also, this case is valuable in terms of local governments’ analysis and their limitations and opportunities to implement successful environmental projects. The above, however, cannot applied exactly as described in this chapter, since political abilities cannot be manipulated, but this chapter opens future researches on what can explain successful sustainable policies or, if people’s relations may be more important than the policy design.

This case highlights the importance of politics in the implementation of environmental policies in local governments with budgetary limitations.

This case is unique per se because runs throughout an old oil pipe; also, it got enough financing and actors helping the whole project, it had a good policy design that could never succeed if it wasn’t for politics.

Although interorganizational relationships are acknowledged as positive for tourism, studies on the subject fail to systematically analyze the joint effects of relationships with different types of organizations. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the influence of the interaction between different types of interorganizational relationships over a hotel firm’s performance.

A structured questionnaire applied to hotel managers was used to assess hotel relationships. Hotel performance was assessed through Trip Advisor information. Structural equations modeling (SEM) was used for data analysis.

Results reveal that only relationships with other hotels had a significant influence on performance. The competition had a negative effect on hotel performance, as well as on horizontal and support organization relationships. Relationships with support organizations presented a significant effect on the formation of relationships between companies (horizontal and vertical) and mediated the negative effect of competition over horizontal relations.

Hotel relationships are idiosyncratic and path-dependent, hence monitoring and copying competitors’ relationships is not advisable. Hotels may improve their productive integration by relating with support organizations. From a destination management perspective, results show that support organizations facilitate interfirm relationships and productive integration within a destination.

The paper systematically analyzes the influence of different interorganizational relationships and competition on hotel performance. Empirical results contradict some aspects of networks and clusters. Some relationships may have positive effects on destinations, but not on hotel firms. Additionally, support organizations play a central role on interfirm relationship formation and maintenance.

集群或网络：组织间关系对巴西酒店绩效的影响Clú

但有关该主题的研究未能系统地分析与不同类型组织之间关系的联合影响。本文的目的是分析不同类型的组织间关系之间的相互作用对酒店公司绩效的影响。

应用于酒店经理的结构化问卷用于评估酒店关系。通过Trip Advisor信息评估了酒店的表现。使用结构方程建模 进行数据分析。

只有与其他酒店的关系才对业绩产生重大影响。竞争对酒店业绩以及横向e支持组织的关系都具有负面影响。与支持组织的关系对公司间关系有显着影响, 对竞争的中介作用对水平关系有负面影响。

本文系统地分析了不同组织间关系和竞争对酒店绩效的影响。实证结果与网络和集群的某些方面相矛盾。某些关系可能对目的地有利, 但对酒店公司却没有相同的影响。此外, 支持组织在公司间关系的形成和维护中起着核心作用。

因此建议不要监视和复制竞争对手的关系。酒店可以改善与支持组织有关的生产整合。从目的地管理的角度来看, 结果表明, 支持组织促进了旅游企业之间的关系以及目的地内的生产整合。

Clústeres o redes: la influencia de las relaciones interorganizacionales en el desempeño de los hoteles brasileños

Si bien las relaciones interorganizacionales se reconocen como positivas para el turismo, las investigaciones sobre el tema no logran analizar sistemáticamente los efectos conjuntos de las relaciones con diferentes tipos de organizaciones. El propósito de este artículo es analizar la influencia de la interacción entre diferentes tipos de relaciones interorganizacionales sobre el desempeño de la empresa hotelera.

se utilizó un cuestionario estructurado aplicado a los gerentes de hoteles para evaluar las relaciones con los hoteles. El desempeño del hotel se evaluó a través de la información de Trip Advisor. Se utilizó el Modelado de Ecuaciones Estructurales (SEM) para el análisis de datos.

los resultados revelan que solo las relaciones con otros hoteles tuvieron una influencia significativa en el rendimiento. La competencia tuvo un efecto negativo en el desempeño del hotel, así como en las relaciones horizontales de las organizaciones de apoyo electrónico. Las relaciones con las organizaciones de apoyo tienen un efecto significativo en las relaciones entre empresas y un efecto de mediación en la competencia, influencia negativa en las relaciones horizontales.

el documento analiza sistemáticamente la influencia de las diferentes relaciones interorganizacionales y la competencia en el desempeño del hotel. Los resultados empíricos contradicen algunos aspectos de redes y clústeres. Algunas relaciones pueden ser positivas para los destinos, pero no tener los mismos efectos para las empresas hoteleras. Además, las organizaciones de apoyo juegan un papel central en la formación y el mantenimiento de relaciones entre empresas.

las relaciones hoteleras son idiosincrásicas y dependen de la ruta, por lo que no es aconsejable monitorear y copiar las relaciones de la competencia. Los hoteles pueden mejorar su integración productiva relacionándose con las organizaciones de apoyo. Desde una perspectiva de gestión de destinos, los resultados muestran que las organizaciones de apoyo facilitan las relaciones entre empresas del turismo y la integración productiva dentro de un destino.

The challenges facing 21st-century society are becoming increasingly complex, requiring the development of new citizen competencies. This study aims to validate an educational model focused on developing complex thinking in higher education students. Current educational models lack future-ready competencies, necessitating the emergence of new models to guide future generations toward the common good.

This was an adaptation of the causal-layered analysis (CLA) applied to 415 participants from higher education institutions in Mexico, Panama and Spain. Sessions were designed to present the proposed educational model and explore participants’ perceptions of its significance and contributions to future education.

Key findings include the following: participants perceived complexity as difficult and challenging; causes of problems were linked to outdated educational models requiring replacement by those that develop students’ competencies; participants envisioned changes that would develop individuals capable of understanding and transforming society; and participants recognized the model’s transformative potential, offering a novel proposal for 21st-century education.

This research sought to gather opinions from different stakeholders using the CLA methodology, providing a deep understanding of participants’ perspectives on the proposed solution.