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The presence of economic power of BRICS nations could be felt from the late of nineteenth and beginning of twentieth century and during this period inflow of FDI also began to go up and spread across all the sectors. FDI has not only looked to capture the huge market of these economies, but while doing so, it has helped these nations in their economics progress. Our main contribution in this paper consists of analyzing both short-run and long-run interactions between status of knowledge and FDI in the form of inflow of FDI and proportion of GDP used for R&D activities accounting for possible development of knowledge in BRICS nations. For this purpose, our work is based on a sample of these five nations during the period 2006–2017. By the help of panel data analysis and having performed all the necessary tests, we have introduced both dynamic OLS and fully modified OLS to get the efficient long-run impact of FDI on knowledge. Our empirical results support long-run and short-run causality running from FDI to knowledge in all BRICS nations. Our policy recommendation includes encouragement of more FDI in development of knowledge-related activities as well as increase in proportion of GDP spent on R&D in BRICS nations.

The present study investigates information-sharing behaviour and awareness of students towards the infringement of copyright and associated rights while information sharing. The purpose of this study is to seek answers to the issue of whether or not students infringe on the rights of others and, if they do, whether they do so deliberately or unwittingly. Even though the Copyright Act and copyrighted works are often disregarded, students, teachers and peers are long-term trading and adapting new e-resources for their use.

The study collected data from students in India through a survey using Google Forms from January 2022 to May 2022. It analysed it using SPSS software to identify behaviour patterns, trends and factors influencing actions and awareness regarding potential copyright issues during data sharing.

The study finds that many students in India engage in copyright infringement, either deliberately or unwittingly. Many students are unaware of copyright laws and regulations and do not understand the consequences of their actions.

The study’s findings are limited to students in Tamil Nadu, India, and may not represent students in other countries or regions. The findings can inform policies and educational programmes that promote ethical and legal behaviour among students and help reduce the incidence of copyright infringement.

This study’s originality and value stem from its unique approach of merging information sharing, seeking and copyright concepts.

The purpose of this study is to address magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bioconvection caused by the swimming of oxytactic microorganisms in a linearly heated square cavity filled with porous media and Cu–water nanofluid. The effects of different multiphysical aspects are demonstrated using local distributions as well as global quantities for fluid flow, temperature, oxygen concentration and microorganisms population.

The coupled transport equations are converted into the nondimensional partial differential equations, which are solved numerically using a finite volume-based computing code. The flow of Cu–water nanofluid through the pores of porous media is formulated following the Brinkman–Forchheimer–Darcy model. The swimming of oxytactic microorganisms is handled following a continuum model.

The analysis of transport phenomena of bioconvection is performed in a linearly heated porous enclosure containing Cu–water nanofluid and oxytactic microorganisms under the influence of magnetic fields. The application of such a system could have potential impacts in diverse fields of engineering and science. The results show that the flow and temperature distribution along with the isoconcentrations of oxygen and microorganisms is markedly affected by the involved governing parameters.

Similar study of bioconvection could be extended further considering thermal radiation, chemical attraction, gravity and light.

The outcomes of this investigation could be used in diverse fields of multiphysical applications, such as in food industries, chemical processing equipment, fuel cell technology and enhanced oil recovery.

The insight of the linear heating profile reveals a special attribute of simultaneous heating and cooling zones along the heated side. With such an interesting feature, the MHD bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms in nanofluid-filled porous substance is not reported so far.

This study aims to explore magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms in multi-physical directions addressing thermal gradient, lid motion, porous substance and magnetic field collectively using a typical differentially heated two-sided lid-driven cavity. The consequences of a range of pertinent parameters on the flow structure, temperature, oxygen isoconcentration and microorganisms’ isoconcentration are examined and explained in great detail.

Two-dimensional governing equations in a two-sided lid-driven porous cavity heated differentially and packed with oxytactic microorganisms under the influence of the magnetic field are solved numerically using the finite volume method-based computational fluid dynamics code. The evolved flow physics is analyzed assuming a steady laminar incompressible Newtonian flow within the validity of the Boussinesq approximation. The transport of oxytactic microorganisms is formulated by augmenting the continuum model.

The mechanisms involved with MHD-mixed thermo-bioconvection could have potential benefits for industrial exploitation. The distributions of fluid flow, temperature, oxygen and motile microorganisms are markedly modified with the change of convection regime. Both speed and direction of the translating walls significantly influence the concentration of the motile microorganisms. The concentration of oxygen and motile microorganisms is found to be higher at the upper portion of the cavity. The overall patterns of the fluid flow, temperature and the oxygen and microorganism distributions are markedly affected by the increase of magnetic field strength.

The concept of the present study could be extended to other areas of bioconvection in the presence of gravity, light or chemical attraction.

The findings of the present study could be used to multi-physical applications like biomicrosystems, pollutant dispersion in aquifers, chemical catalytic converters, geothermal energy usage, petroleum oil reservoirs, enhanced oil recovery, fuel cells, thermal energy storage and others.

The MHD-mixed thermo-bioconvection of oxytactic microorganisms is investigated under different parametric conditions. The effect of pertinent parameters on the heat and mass transfers are examined using the Nusselt number and Sherwood number.