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Students from undergraduate and graduate levels.

Leadership, implicit leadership theories, decision-making, gender stereotypes and discrimination.

Defne was working as a sales manager in Diel Turkey, an international technology company. Diel focuses on software, hardware, network and business consultancy services. Defne had worked as a computer engineer before starting to work in the sales department. In her leadership, she gave importance to long-term relationships and justice. Defne had two meetings this week. The first one was with T&X, a big scale fast moving consumer goods company; and the other one was with Q-Coding, a medium-scale technology company. Defne had negotiated with T&X two years ago, and the project got canceled. Defne worked on T&X new contract very cautiously, as this time she wanted to finish the project and make the deal. Defne had to deal with prejudices during the T&X meeting. Implicit beliefs are grounded in the cultural background of the country, which determines the perceptual framework for the society. Male-dominated countries have implicit beliefs that women’s priorities should be their families, thus being successful at work is not expected. Defne faced male-oriented stereotypes, which challenged her in doing business. Even though she was a successful manager, these subjective beliefs made her perform poorly. During the meeting with Q-Coding, Defne discussed the prejudice for women leaders with a women entrepreneur Suzan.

This case is trying to achieve two main objectives: first, to make all students be aware of implicit leadership theories and beliefs, which are rooted in the countries’ cultural background; second, to make female students be aware of these dysfunctional coping behaviors and increase their self-efficacy without thinking about their gender roles.

CSS 7: Management science

This study addresses a critical research gap by examining the pivotal role of organizational career management (OCM) in shaping employees’ career outcomes while also investigating the mediating influence of career capital in this relationship. This study aims to shed light on the importance of OCM as a strategic approach for enhancing employees’ career trajectories, filling a significant gap in the existing literature.

Using a cross-sectional research design, primary data were gathered through a structured questionnaire administered to a diverse sample of 426 Turkish working adults representing various organizations. The study uses structural equation modelling with AMOS to analyse the direct and indirect relationships within the proposed research model.

The study findings underscore the essential connection between OCM and employees’ career outcomes, revealing its positive influence on subjective career success, employability and innovative work behaviour. Moreover, career capital emerges as a critical intermediary mechanism that mediates the impact of OCM on these career outcomes, further highlighting the strategic significance of OCM practices.

It is important to note that this study relies on self-report surveys to gauge employees’ perceptions about their career outcomes and OCM. Additionally, the study data are confined to the Turkish context, which may influence the generalizability of the findings to other contexts.

Organizations can bolster career outcomes through strategic investment in OCM. Industries can customize approaches, leveraging insights to optimize workforce potential. Policymakers should integrate career development principles, cultivating a culture of perpetual learning, thus fortifying organizational resilience and fostering sustainable success.

This study adds substantial value to the current body of knowledge by investigating the mediating role of career capital in the relationship between OCM and individual career outcomes, particularly within the context of emerging economies like Turkey. The study’s comprehensive approach to understanding careers from both individual and organizational perspectives contributes to a more nuanced and holistic understanding of career dynamics.

The purpose of this paper is to develop a self-managed career model, in which protean and boundaryless careers were used.

A hybrid methodology is proposed where Buckley’s fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) method was used for prioritization of these criteria, sub-criteria, and indicators, and fuzzy TOPSIS method was used to select the most appropriate career path for a given individual.

The hybrid model for self-managed career was tested with a real numerical example. Findings were congruent with the example’s current career and future career aspirations.

The model was tested with one numerical example. The model could be applied to individuals from various cultures, age groups and backgrounds to further discuss its validity.

Career decisions are affected from individuals’ values and perceptions. New career orientations like Protean and Boundaryless Career are built upon this fact to include subjectivity. Because of the shortcomings of traditional methods to deal with uncertainty related to subjective evaluations, a FAHP and fuzzy TOPSIS based hybrid multi-attribute decision-support model was utilized to help individuals with their career decisions.

Russia's attack on Ukraine on February 24, 2022, marked a very historic turning point in European security architecture. With enlarged Western aid in the immediate aftermath of the invasion, Ukraine could have overcome somehow the crisis, yet many of its cities and infrastructure were largely destroyed and one-quarter of its citizens are now refugees and displaced. What is even more serious is that it remains unclear if and how a diplomatic solution could emerge between the parties. Russia's war against Ukraine is not an overnight event, it is a part of the story of the gradual escalation of Russian aggression on Ukraine since the beginning of the 2000s. Indeed, it is not just the result of the ideological or geopolitical competition between the West/European Union (EU) and Russia regarding their mutually exclusive or even antagonistic integration policies in the shared neighborhood. It is a more dynamic process including the agency of Ukraine with all aspects of its domestic politics and societal features, ideology, the role of energy, business links as well as the impact of regional and global dimensions. This chapter aims to overview the interlinked relationship between the EU, Ukraine, and Russia in a triadic manner within key aspects including ideology, geopolitics, energy, and integration projects and by specifically focusing on the underlying factors that have triggered the emergence of the Russia–Ukraine war of 2022 and further implications for the EU politics.

Fear of birth may cause perinatal complication, increased risk of intervention and need for analgesia, delayed mother–infant attachment process and deterioration of spouse relationship. The purpose of this study was to determine the affecting factors and childbirth fears of Turkish pregnant women.

This is a descriptive research type. The sample of this study consisted of 78 pregnant women who met the inclusion criteria and agreed to participate in this study. This study was carried out in a family health center and university hospital in a city in Turkey. Data were collected with Personal Information Form and Wijma Expectancy/Experience Scale-A Version (W-DEQ A).

The mean scores of pregnant women from W-DEQ A version were 75.60 ± 9.48. In 65.4% of pregnant women, fear of severe birth, 20.5% fear of clinical birth and 14.1% of children had a fear of moderate birth. W-DEQ A version, the third trimester, unplanned pregnancies, lack of knowledge of the level of inadequate birth and more than eight pregnancies in pregnancy, the total score of pregnant women was found to be higher (p < 0.05).

The limitation of this study is its small sample size. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed.

It was determined that one-fifth of the sample group experienced birth fear at the clinical level and childbirth fear level is associated with unplanned pregnancies, lack of knowledge. In antenatal period, the pregnant woman should be encouraged to express her feelings and thoughts about the labor and give information about the labor.

Cognitive and behavioral education programs can be structured to cope with fear of birth for pregnant women at risk.

This research is original. This study presents data on Turkish women. The data can also be used to evaluate intercultural differences.