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The purpose of this paper is to guide commercial and policy action to improve smallholder Indonesian cattle systems.

A survey (n = 304) of smallholder cattle farms in six villages in two districts of Nusa Tenggara Barat, Indonesia. Principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were employed to classify cattle farms into business models according to observed innovation. Differences between business models were identified using a one-way-analysis-of-variance (ANOVA).

Four business models were identified, representing profiles of innovation adoption and elements of business models, socio-economic characteristics, farming system and performance variables including revenue, cost and profit. The business models display a range of orientation to buyer requirements and a range of approaches to production, indicating a need to promote in a variety of ways the change from supply-push to demand-pull in the cattle value chain.

This study offers guidance on how business models might be strengthened over time, by using simple indicators of performance and the models' linkage to innovation in the context of each business model. The business models developed here, and refinements to them based on localised conditions, offer a targeted and accelerated pathway to improved performance in smallholder systems.

This study proposed a novel approach to the recognition of business models based on innovation.

This paper aims to address the association between the quality and quantity of information in supply chains and the costs and benefits of generating, using and sharing it.

The authors’ conceptual framework draws on multiple disciplines and theories of the value and use of product information. Controllable aspects of information, its quality and quantity, are the focus of the study as drivers of firm and chain performance. Structural equation models of constructs at two stages of the Australian red meat supply chain are employed, using data from a survey of 81 sheep and cattle breeders and commercial producers.

Information quality influences performance more for some product attributes than others and is more influential than is information quantity. Information sharing for many attributes generates benefits only at high cost. Investment in measurement and transmission technologies is supported for intrinsic and extrinsic measures of quality. Differences in respondents' evaluation of information quality are interpreted as evidence of persistent chain failure.

To the authors' knowledge, this is the first attempt at quantifying and comparing the benefits and costs of information sharing across multiple stages of a supply chain and the first to assess quantitatively the role played by information quality and quantity in generating costs and benefits.

The purpose of the paper is to argue that university libraries need to rethink their relationship with their parent institution.

Personal view based on managerial experience in universities.

Libraries must focus first on institutional mission and align their mission and strategy to that.

The limitations of the paper are that this paper is only based on a single point of view.

Rethink approaches to relationships with the parent body.

It is an original point of view which is at least worth reading to see if it has value.

The purpose of this paper is to present analysis of collection development in a specialized collection given the demand for electronic or online content.

A review of research in digital collection development was conducted with particular emphasis on veterinary medicine or medical libraries. This article provides a critique of research on digital collection development as it pertains to a specialized collection from the perspective of a veterinary medicine librarian.

As collection development tends toward a preference for electronic formats, many advantages for specialized user groups arise from purchasing electronic books.

As there are many specialized library types, collection development differs according to user groups. As a veterinary medicine librarian, the author presents a profile of collection development for a specialized user group.

The management of the mix of retailers in a shopping centre is generally regarded as vital to the success of the centre. This article suggests that retailers themselves have the responsibility to manage the mix. It suggests a number of ways in which the symbiotic relationships between a shopping centre and the retailers within it can be made a success. It also examines the impact on the management of retailer mix of the 1988 Landlord and Tenant Act amendments.

It would have been both tidy and convincing to have started this paper with statistical tables showing what resources are funded by governments overseas. If I have not done so, it is both because the figures are not readily available, and the task—taking ‘overseas’ at face value—like the universe, is unbounded. Indeed, as defined for the statistics which show we are entering a post‐industrial Information Society, ‘information’ may cover any activities concerned with the processing of symbols rather than of materials. Even if we restrict the term to the provision of specific services by word of mouth, document or computer output, it is still difficult to draw tight boundaries. The OECD struggled unsuccessfully for ten years to reach international agreement on meaningful and useful definitions for statistics on information; hopefully the recent US compilation of Statistical Indicators of Scientific and Technical Communication, will stimulate further efforts in other countries. There is an enormous and urgent job to be done.

To provide an in-depth survey and review of innovation in library and information services (LIS) and to identify future trends in innovative research and its practical application in the field.

An in-depth review and summation of relevant literature over the last twenty years, along with an analysis and summary of the other papers in the volume.

Innovation in library and information work varies between the evolutionary and the discontinuous. A taxonomy of innovatory approaches to development and provision in the sector is provided, along with a detailed listing of the key elements of successful and not-so-successful innovative practice.

The work is dependent on existing literature rather than direct empirical work. However, because it draws together all major aspects of the topic, it has the potential to be used as a springboard for further generic studies and also specific programmes of work.

The need for innovation in LIS will be ever more pressing. The present chapter provides a necessary and rigorous overview of the necessary elements required for success in this area. It will be useful as a reference tool for intending researchers in library and information provision in a wide range of environments.

Because the chapter brings together a substantial body of information on the topic of innovation, it provides a comprehensive study of major developments and likely future trends in the field.

The Education Reform Bill 1987, described by Education Secretary Kenneth Baker as a charter for better education, consists in Part II of provisions relating to higher and further education, which should be of particular interest to the general readership of Education & Training. The powers and duties of local education authorities are re‐stated. They have a duty to secure the provision of adequate further education to meet the needs of their areas; this covers all education and training for those who have left school. But the transfer of the polytechnics and major higher education colleges out of the LEA sector will leave those authorities responsible for only a small proportion of advanced further education. Further education is therefore redefined. Advanced courses — broadly those of a standard higher than “A”‐level — become higher education, leaving further education to cover all other provisions for those who have left school. The types of courses which are to be considered as higher education are set out in an Appendix to the Bill.

November 26, 1969 Damages — Personal injuries — Assessment — Successive independent tortfeasors — Action for damages for injuries to leg sustained in road accident — Subsequent amputation of leg before trial due to injury by person other than defendant — Effect on assessment of damages for injuries inflicted by defendant — Disabilities due to concurrent causes — Whether damages to be diminished.

This Food Standards Committee Report has been with us long enough to have received careful appraisal at the hand of the most interested parties — food law enforcement agencies and the meat trade. The purposes of the review was to consider the need for specific controls over the composition and descriptive labelling of minced meat products, but the main factor was the fat content, particularly the maximum suggested by the Associaton of Public Analysts, viz., a one‐quarter (25%) of the total product. For some years now, the courts have been asked to accept 25% fat as the maximum, based on a series of national surveys; above that level, the product was to be considered as not of the substance or quality demanded by the purchaser; a contention which has been upheld on appeal to the Divisional Court.