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The goal of this study is to identify the problems of marketing military heritage as a tourism resource as well as to show how studies are linking the tourism industry with military historical sites to valorize epic wars and great tragedies as tourism development resources.

In this study, evaluation of recently published research papers, articles and publications on military tourism is conducted.

While most DMOs (Destination Management Organizations) and tourism organizations have been slow to acknowledge the potential benefits of military heritage tourism, the examples offered show how stakeholders can help promote military heritage tourism.

The study has suggested managerial implications that will aid in the integration of stakeholder participation in the development of military heritage tourism.

This paper examines the constraints and potential benefits of military heritage tourism, as well as collaboration between stakeholders and military historic sites.

The purpose of this paper is to examine how the changing pattern of climatic conditions is likely to impact tourism in Small island developing states (SIDS). Further, the study suggests appropriate management practices that could help in tackling the consequences of climate change on the tourism sector in SIDS.

Recently published articles and reports are analysed in relation to the effects of climate change on the tourism sector, and approaches to improve the resilience of tourism in SIDS.

The study has discovered the likely effects of climate change on the tourism business and found a high possibility of a decline in the tourism-based economy as an outcome. Furthermore, the study found that the absence of institutional alliances, government backing, resilient policy and advanced technological mechanisms are driving the associated risks of climate change in tourism.

The framework presented can assist tourism stakeholders to plan, prepare, mitigate and build resilience against the effects of climate variability on the tourism business in SIDS.

This study presents some practical measures for tourism stakeholders to enable them to reduce the effects of climate change on tourism activities in Small island developing states (SIDS).

The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze various critical success factors (CSFs) that can facilitate smartphone manufacturing in India. This paper further aims to understand the mutual interactions among these CSFs through identification of the hierarchical relationships among them.

A framework for a smartphone manufacturing system has been developed, wherein the hierarchical inter-relationships between identified CSFs have been presented and interpreted using total interpretive structural modeling (TISM). Cross-impact matrix multiplication applied to classification analysis has been further employed to identify the driving power as well as dependence power of these CSFs.

In the present research, 15 CSFs have been identified through literature review and expert opinions. The hierarchical framework developed using TISM has revealed the inter-dependencies among these CSFs. This research further categorizes CSFs into three clusters. The first cluster comprises of CSFs having high dependence power, the second cluster identifies CSFs having high driving power and the third cluster identifies CSFs which act as linkages between the driver CSFs and dependent CSFs.

This study has implications for both practitioners and academia. It provides a comprehensive list of CSFs that are relevant to develop a smartphone ecosystem in India. In addition, this study will help decision makers to strategically focus on the main drivers of the ecosystem that requires the immediate attention of decision makers. The methodology employed in this study provides a mechanism to conduct an exploratory study by identifying the factors and analyzing their interactions through the development of a hierarchical framework.

The proposed framework developed through qualitative modeling is an effort to understand relevant factors that can promote the smartphone manufacturing ecosystem. This study makes a significant contribution in the literature of smartphone manufacturing, which captures the perspective of different stakeholders.

This concluding article aims to summarize the key points and outcomes from the theme issue question: How could the Republic of Cyprus reduce the impact of seasonal tourism on long-term sustainable development? Which is a follow-up issue to the Cyprus sustainability theme issue published in Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes volume 13 number 6 2021.

The paper summarizes the findings of the theme issue in relation to how stakeholders in the Republic of Cyprus can reduce the impact of severe tourism seasonality on long-term sustainable tourism development.

The findings of the articles in this theme issue explore the depth of the seasonality problem and its impact on the long-term sustainability of the small island state of Cyprus. Further, the articles in this collection explore potential remedies and ways to mitigate seasonality with the help of alternative, special interest tourism activities, improved air connectivity, established cluster-based activities, and improved accessibility to the island.

The articles in this issue provide perspectives from academics, practitioners, industry professionals, and policymakers on what steps could be taken to tackle increasing tourism seasonality that has profound effects on economic, social, and environmental sustainability in the island of Cyprus.

Session-based recommendation aims to predict the user's next preference based on the user's recent activities. Although most existing studies consider the global characteristics of items, they only learn the global characteristics of items based on a single connection relationship, which cannot fully capture the complex transformation relationship between items. We believe that multiple relationships between items in learning sessions can improve the performance of session recommendation tasks and the scalability of recommendation models. At the same time, high-quality global features of the item help to explore the potential common preferences of users.

This work proposes a session-based recommendation method with a multi-relation global context–enhanced network to capture this global transition relationship. Specifically, we construct a multi-relation global item graph based on a group of sessions, use a graded attention mechanism to learn different types of connection relations independently and obtain the global feature of the item according to the multi-relation weight.

We did related experiments on three benchmark datasets. The experimental results show that our proposed model is superior to the existing state-of-the-art methods, which verifies the effectiveness of our model.

First, we construct a multi-relation global item graph to learn the complex transition relations of the global context of the item and effectively mine the potential association of items between different sessions. Second, our model effectively improves the scalability of the model by obtaining high-quality item global features and enables some previously unconsidered items to make it onto the candidate list.

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate various reliability metrics such as transition state probabilities, availability, reliability, mean time to failure and expected profit of two non-identical unit parallel system incorporating waiting time.

The present paper investigates the reliability of two non-identical unit parallel system with two types of failures: common cause failure and partial failure. Moreover, waiting time to repair, a significant aspect of reliability analysis, has also been incorporated. The considered system is assumed to function properly if at least one of the units is in operative mode. The present system is examined by using the supplementary variable technique and Laplace transformation.

Numerical calculation shows that the availability and the reliability of the system is minimum when the system is without partial failure and is maximum when the system is free from common cause failure. Finally, the cost analysis of the system reveals that the expected profit decreases with increase in service cost.

This paper presents a mathematical model of two dissimilar unit parallel system, through which the performance of the considered system can be improved.

From a pedagogical point, the case may fulfill following objectives: First, to understand Vodafone’s position in the current environment. Does the environment present the elements that are necessary for them to thrive (as analyzed using a PESTEL framework)? Second, to understand the resources needed to build competitive advantage in an emerging market context (as analyzed using the Porter five forces model); and third, to understand the competitive challenges of conducting business in a highly (and sometimes capriciously) regulated industry.

The Indian Telecommunication sector is one of the fastest growing industries in the world. There are nine telecom operators who are pioneering this growth; however, five private companies: Bharti, Idea, Reliance, Aircel and Vodafone make up 78.86 per cent of the market. These five companies have the opportunity to increase their market share by expanding the services provided to rural India; however, the Indian Tax Authorities have caused some hesitation. Aside from being known as heavy handed and unpredictable, the authorities have also demanded that Vodafone pay them billions in taxes. These court cases have challenged the way that other telecom operators look at investing. The arrival of Reliance Jio as a new player in the Indian wireless space with deep pockets has not helped the already fierce competitive landscape. Reliance Jio is forcing all wireless companies including Vodafone to reevaluate their India strategy.

This case could be used in both MBA and executive education programs.

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

CSS 11: Strategy.

Marketing, Pricing, Strategic marketing.

The case is developed for an MBA-level program.

In May 2017, the telecom industry in India witnessed an intense price war over 4G (fourth generation) data prices. Gopal Vittal, CEO of Bharti Airtel was exploring various options on how best to respond to the situation. He had to take a final call regarding Bharti Airtel’s marketing team’s counter move to tackle this price war by Jio – should Bharti Airtel ignore it, accommodate it or retaliate with even lower prices? Bharti Airtel strongly believed that Jio pricing structure had violated “fair pricing” norms, and its pricing was anti-competitive. It had filed a case with the Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) and the Competition Commission of India (CCI) to restrain Jio from further giving “free” promotional offers and penalize it for it. Could the legal recourse by Bharti Airtel dampen Jio’s consistent subscriber growth rate?

The case provides the students with an insight into how the competition focused on pricing happens in the telecom industry. The pricing war affects the profit margin of all competing companies. It changes the customer reference point for evaluating the competing products and services. The students would also learn practical applications of positive-sum pricing, pricing war, fair pricing and legal aspects of pricing. This case provides the students with an opportunity to understand the pricing war and how to respond to it in a particular situation; understand positive-sum pricing and negative-sum pricing in telecom industry context; understand legal aspects of pricing; and how to leverage data for gaining newer customer insights.

Teaching Notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes.

CSS 8: Marketing.

The purpose of this study is to examine the role of greenwashed word of mouth (GWWOM) originating from trickery and misleading green marketing practices on customer behavior. The outcomes of this study are expected to contribute in the domain of responsible green marketing. The significance of this study lies in its ability to provide useful recommendations to marketers, policymakers and customers toward accomplishment of sustainable development goals through usage and adoption of environment-friendly products.

This study is primarily descriptive in nature, as it attempted to investigate the implications of customers' reactions toward greenwashed practices prevailing in the fast-moving consumer goods (FMCG) market. The information gathered through a self-administered online questionnaire was analyzed using Smart PLS software package to verify the proposed hypotheses. The consistency and validity of the measurement and structural models proposed were tested using inferential statistical procedures.

The results significantly confirmed the mediating role of GWWOM in shaping the relationship between green skepticism and shift in green behavior. It was verified from the results that customers’ futuristic behavioral patterns toward green products are negatively influenced by misleading and false claims of marketers through GWWOM communications.

The primary implications of this study are for marketers in understanding the role of GWWOM on organizations’ reputation. The policymakers may contribute by implementing appropriate changes in regulations to control greenwashed practices. Finally, customers may become more aware about the unethical marketing practices and act responsibly in the market place.

This study revealed an intriguing finding in the sense that customers, who feel cheated by erroneous and mislead green claims of the marketers, are expected to communicate their experiences through variety of channels. Therefore, it is very likely that they may influence others to change their behaviors while going for environmentally safe products and may have significant consequences on the sustainable consumer behavior.

The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into xylophagia, its treatment, intervention options, etiological causes and possible relationship with other diseases.

A systematic search was performed across four scientific databases (i.e. Ovid Medline, Embase via Ovid, PubMed and ProQuest). All of the qualitative studies reporting on xylophagia from the inception of databases until August 2019 have been included. The quality of included studies was assessed through a ten-item checklist given by Kmet et al. (2004).

A total of 18 studies were included, and five primary themes emerged after analysis: precipitation/onset of xylophagia, co-morbid psychiatric or medical illnesses, assessment and investigation modes to confirm diagnosis, outcomes of xylophagia and treatment options comprising medical care, psychological care, counseling and duration of recovery. There were 16 females and 9 males in included studies. The mean ages and standard deviations of males and females were 29.25(12.17) years and 32.81(11.92), respectively. The mean duration and standard deviation of paper pica were 4.80(4.27) years.

Despite the limitation that this meta-synthesis is based upon findings from case studies, results show that standardized medication regimens for treating xylophagia are still not available or are unknown. There is a dire need for further research in order to better understand the disorder. The healthcare professionals need to use reciprocal, mutually constituent influence of biological and sociocultural factors in order to screen, diagnose and manage complex psychological problems like xylophagia.

The findings advance our understanding of the positive effects of patients and family members undergoing counseling or cognitive behavior therapy in reducing stress and enhancing coping skills thus, avoiding self-damaging behaviors.