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The main purpose of the study is to reveal the hotel managers' perspectives strategies, and predictions on smart technologies, and their expectations for current staff and potential staff to be employed in the future.

A qualitative research approach was used to reveal the internal perspectives of managers to determine their Smart Tourism (ST) perspectives. With the snowball sampling method, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 16 senior hotel managers working in a 5-star hotel in Antalya. The data obtained were carried out with inductive content analysis and descriptive analysis from qualitative research analysis methods.

In this study, hotel managers' broad perspectives on ST were discussed in depth and presented comprehensively. Managers' perceptions of smart technologies are classified in terms of aggregate dimensions and themes. Among the most important findings, rapidity/quickness, managing/holistic assessment, standardization, harmony/integration-coordination and experience-memory, defined as the crossroads of total dimensions or the heart of smart technologies, were identified as the most important themes. In addition, Stylos et al. (2021), another important finding is the classification of technologies used in top-quality hotels, based on the conceptual framework for smart technologies presented in the literature.

The effective and efficient use of technology, its internalization and openness to technology provides important advantages in hotels such as increasing revisits and satisfaction, providing loyalty and reducing costs. Thus, the perceptions, practices, strategies and prediction of senior managers working in high-level hotels about ST provide valuable data to other hotels that want to survive in the competition.

From a theoretical point of view, this study is valuable in that it deals with the ST perceptions of senior managers with an exploratory research approach. Managerially, the research findings offer valuable contribution about the attitudes, trends, forecasts and expectations of senior managers working in high-level hotels towards ST.

This research aims to determine the contribution of publications in the context of Türkiye to the international entrepreneurship literature between 2005 and 2022. We examined 471 articles published in international journals in the Web of Science (WoS) Core Collection database using bibliometric analysis techniques. We analyzed the data with the software Biblioshiny+Bibliometrix, SciMAT, and VOSViewer. We used performance, theme and evolution, co-authorship, and document analysis in data analysis. Performance analysis findings show that the most publications were made in 2021, the journal with the most publications was sustainability, and the author with the most publications was Bakır, C. Theme and evolution analysis revealed that the motor themes were corporate entrepreneurship, gender and entrepreneurial intentions in the first period (2005–2014), while institutional entrepreneurship stood out as the niche theme. In the second period (2015–2022), “corporate entrepreneurship” and “performance” emerged as the motor themes, while the niche themes in this period were “Syrian refugees” and “entrepreneurial intentions.” Document analysis findings show that the most studied entrepreneurship types are gender, family, corporate, social, and small business, respectively. In addition, immigrant/refugee entrepreneurship is emerging as a new topic, while indigenous entrepreneurship, informal entrepreneurship, sustainable entrepreneurship, and religion entrepreneurship are the most minor studied topics in entrepreneurship. Evidence-based decision-making inputs were obtained for those holding the resource allocation authority in Türkiye. Policymakers and funders, as well as individuals and institutions that want to design the future in terms of resources, can benefit from the findings and analysis of this chapter. Türkiye, which ranks 26th in the world regarding entrepreneurship, must develop a policy based on data.

The main purpose of this study is to measure financial literacy of individual pension system customers in Ankara and to find out factors affecting financial literacy while acquiring additional information on financial decisions of individual pension system customers. The results show that the self-financial knowledge evaluation of individual pension system customers and their financial literacy are not compatible. Besides, the financial literacy levels of the customers who make their investment themselves and customers who leave investment decision to the individual pension system company are found not to be statistically significant although self-investors believe they have higher financial knowledge. In addition to this, the effects of financial literacy level in terms of renewable energy investments are also evaluated. Individuals with an increasing level of financial literacy may turn to renewable energy sources and investments because of their low-cost and high-return potential.

In this research, the effect of green logistics in e-commerce on consumer purchasing behaviour is examined. Companies that have adopted green logistics are thought to be effective on consumer’s product preferences. Businesses are sensitive to changing environmental conditions and changing consumer behaviour and that they adopt green logistics in line with their development goals is a factor that can affect the purchasing behaviour of consumers. Therefore, ‘adoption of the green principle’ becomes a social and global phenomenon.

When consumers evaluate a product or service, they look at not only product performance and quality, but also the environmental impact of the product. The fact that the enterprises realised this, their responsibilities in terms of environmental impact, their achieving competitive advantage, and their aim to strengthen their brand image in the market led them to adopt the green principle. In this respect, the importance of R&D studies has been understood and activities related to this subject have increased. These activities ultimately reduced both living conditions and lifecycle costs. Green brand awareness has increased in consumers. The use of technology in commerce has expanded e-commerce and has become a part of life. In this context, it should be investigated whether the development of environmental consciousness of the consumer in e-commerce has an effect on the product selection. According to the findings of the research about the effect of green logistics practices on the buying behaviour of firms, it is determined that the environmental awareness and demands of the consumers are highly effective in the adoption of green logistics and that the green logistics practices in e-commerce affect the purchasing behaviour of the consumers. At this point, a green approach in national or international commercial activities has been exhibited and also needs to be executed.

Before the industrial revolution, the working child was ‘an auxiliary or unseen actor in the labour market,’ but after the industrial revolution, the child became a ‘required and visible worker.’ The former criterion is still the case in many countries including developed countries. In Turkey ‘having child labour in small-scale workplaces with less than three employees and agricultural areas with less than 50 employees is not prohibited’. This makes the situation prone to the exploitation of child labour in these areas. In this country, one out of every two working children is in the agricultural field, and one out of every six children is in the industrial field. The causes of child labour in Turkey are described as poverty, inability to benefit from/access educational services, migration from rural to urban areas, unemployment of adult family members, a tradition, shortcomings and ineffective implementation of the legislation, and employers' demand and irregular migration. The results include mental, physical and spiritual problems. In this context, protecting children, the most sensitive and vulnerable individuals of the society, from the consequences of risky working environments should be an important and primary goal of the whole world.

The buildings should be designed by respecting the environmental and climatic conditions they are in and their orientation. Then, the characteristics of the building envelope (BE) play an important role in building energy consumption and user comfort. In fact, the type and material of glazing is one of the crucial parameters for BE. The transparency ratio of BE also determines the façade performance. The aim of this study is to analyze the different renovation scenarios for BE with high transparency of an educational building (EB) in hot summer weather to obtain indoor thermal comfort (ITC) for users.

The methodology includes thorough measurement of existing ITC using TESTO-440 and simulation of each retrofit scenario using DesignBuilder building energy modeling (BEM) simulation software with Energyplus to determine optimal thermal comfort. Since the study focuses on the impact of the transparent BE on summer ITC, four main scenarios, naturally ventilated (NV) façade, film-coated glass façade, replacement of glazing with opaque units, sun-controlled façade with overhang and solar shading, were simulated. The results were analyzed comparatively on both performance and cost to find the best renovation solutions.

A total of 7 different renovation scenarios were tested. Simulation results show that passive systems such as NV have limited contribution to indoor air temperature (IAT) improvement, achieving only a 4 °C reduction while offering the lowest cost. A film coating resulted in a reduction of 3–6 °C, but these applications have the highest cost and least impact on ITC. It was found that exterior coating leads to better results in film coating. Preventing and limiting the increase in IAT was achieved by reducing the transparency ratio of BE. The best results were obtained in these scenarios, and it was possible to reduce IAT by more than 10 °C. The best performance/cost value were also obtained by decreasing transparency ratio of roof and sun control.

Since the high transparency ratio has a negative impact on summer comfort, especially in hot climate zones, summer ITC was prioritized in the renovation solutions for the case building.

The study’s findings present a range of solutions for improving the ITC of highly transparent buildings. The solutions can help building managers see the differences in renovation costs and their impacts on ITC to decrease the cooling load of the existing buildings.

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relative influences of technical and functional quality levels of service quality and patient satisfaction. In this context, the healthcare service quality and the factors affecting customer satisfaction were evaluated using the grey relational analysis (GRA) method.

This is a survey-based study which involves 15 patients in a dialysis center, so the GRA is applied to clarify the uncertainty on service quality level with a limited number of patients without any statistical distribution. In order to reveal whether service quality and customer satisfaction are two different structures, a GRA model is built with ten different quality factors.

Results show that each quality factor has a different effect on the quality of service. Another important finding is that service quality and customer satisfaction are different structures for customers.

The results enable healthcare managers to understand the importance of patient care and the importance of service quality if they want to facilitate their use of their expectations in related factors.

The study is the first in terms of the application of GRA models in a private health institution operating in Turkey. Successful implementation of the GRA method allows a reasonable decision to be made with a limited number of data at hand. It is considered that the method can be used successfully in other health institutions in the Turkish Health System.

The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable scale that can measure the level of respect for differences of middle school students. The validity and reliability studies of the scale draft prepared as a result of the opinions received were carried out on 964 middle school students.

The sequential exploratory mixed method was used. In the study, attitude items were created by examining the studies in the literature with qualitative methods, and the scale was then finalized by applying tests for the attitude scale prepared with quantitative methods.

As a result of the exploratory factor analysis made on the data obtained, a structure consisting of 20 items and four factors as “gender”, “disability status”, “physical appearance” and “cultural identity” were reached. Also, it was seen that the scale identified 56% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis that was performed on another sample showed that the sample fit of the scale was at an acceptable level. The reliability coefficient of the scale was calculated as Cronbach’s α = 0.815; composite reliability was ranged between 0.766 and 0.894 and the internal consistency of the scale was quite high. It was concluded that the scale developed to determine the level of respect for differences is a valid and reliable measurement tool.

This study is considered significant in terms of presenting a valid and reliable scale that will reveal the attitudes of middle school students towards differences in the literature.